3D打印金属材料中孔隙率的影响因素和改善方法

Influence factors and improvement methods on the porosity of 3D printing metal materials

摘要: 选区激光熔融技术是精细激光快速成形技术领域中最具发展潜力的金属3D打印技术之一, 但在快速成形过程中的急速加热和快速凝固导致材料出现孔隙、裂纹等缺陷。本文介绍了对选区激光熔融技术制备金属材料孔隙率的影响因素, 包括激光功率、扫描速率、环境气氛、纳米粉末复合掺杂等; 讨论了降低孔隙率的后处理方法, 如热处理、塑性变形等, 旨在研究对3D打印金属材料孔隙率的影响规律, 从而获得性能优良的打印材料。

Abstract: Selective laser melting is one of the most promising 3D printing technologies in the field of fine laser rapid prototyping.However, the rapid heating and solidification in the printing process result in the defects, such as pores and cracks.To obtain the printing materials with excellent performance, the influence factors on the porosity of 3D printing metal materials prepared by selective laser melting technology were introduced in this paper, including laser power, scanning rate, ambient atmosphere, and nanometer powder composite doping.The subsequent treatments were discussed to reduce the porosity, such as heat treatment and plastic deformation.