Abstract: The research and development of particle-reinforced magnesium matrix composites prepared by powder metallurgy were summarized in this paper, the substrate and the micron-scale/nanoscale reinforcements commonly used for the particle-reinforced magnesium matrix composites were introduced. The powder metallurgy process was systematically described, including the pretreatment process of reinforcements, the molding process of mixed powders, and sintering process. The influence of powder metallurgy technology on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite was investigated, including the interface bonding between reinforcement and matrix and the particle reinforcement strengthening mechanism. Finally, the development prospect for the preparation of the particle-reinforced magnesium matrix composites by powder metallurgy was expected, and the improvement measures were proposed.