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摘要: 为了研究超声无压烧结陶瓷刀具材料时超声空化对晶粒生长的影响，分析了气孔在熔融金属中发生超声空化的条件，建立了含有空化泡的晶粒模型，讨论了超声空化对晶粒的作用，并采用蒙特卡罗法模拟了未施加和施加超声下的晶粒生长过程，研究了超声空化对晶粒生长过程的影响。结果表明：当空化泡的半径介于1 μm～2 μm时，超声波的声压阈值为8.02×106 Pa，频率阈值为2.00×106 Hz；超声空化可增大晶格振动频率和振动能量，阻碍晶粒生长，起到细化晶粒和减小孔洞的作用。Abstract: To investigate the effect of the ultrasonic cavitation on the grain growth of the ceramic tool materials during the ultrasonic pressureless sintering, the cavitation effect of bubbles in the molten metals was studied, the grain model containing the cavitation bubbles was established, and the grain growth process without and with ultrasound was simulated by Monte Carlo method. The results show that, the threshold of sound pressure is 8.02×106 Pa and the threshold frequency is 2.00×106 Hz when the radius of the cavitation bubble is between 1 μm and 2 μm. Furthermore, the ultrasonic cavitation can increase the vibration frequency and vibration energy of the lattice, which hinders the growth of the crystal grains, refines the grains, and reduces the pore size.
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图 1 气泡初始半径与声压阈值的关系
Figure 1. Relationship between the initial radius of the bubbles and the threshold of sound pressure
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图 2 气泡初始半径与频率阈值的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between the initial radius of the bubbles and the threshold frequency
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图 3 空化泡及其周围晶粒的理想模型
Figure 3. Ideal model of the cavitation bubbles and surrounding grains
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图 4 蒙特卡罗法模拟的陶瓷刀具材料晶粒形貌：（a）未施加超声；（b）施加超声下
Figure 4. Grain morphology of the ceramic tool materials simulated by the Monte Carlo method: (a) without ultrasound; (b) with ultrasound
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