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摘要: 为了获得高性能的实心球形颗粒钼粉原料，采用脉冲激光切丝法制备球形钼粉。通过筛分、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等研究了所制备钼粉的粒度、形貌、微观组织等物理性能。结果表明，脉冲激光切丝法制备的钼粉形貌呈球形或近球形，表面光滑，没有卫星颗粒或颗粒粘接聚集现象。在试验工艺参数范围内，90%以上的钼粉颗粒粒径在150 µm以上，其中粒径在150～300 µm范围的颗粒占比最大，超过60%。粒径400 µm以下的钼粉通常是内部致密的，而在一些粒径较大的钼粉颗粒中出现内部孔洞，并初步分析了钼粉颗粒及其内部孔洞的形成机制。Abstract: To obtain the high performance solid spherical molybdenum powder raw materials, the spherical molybdenum powders were prepared by the pulse laser wire cutting. The particle size, morphology, microstructure, and other physical properties of the molybdenum powders were studied by sieving, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results show that the morphology of molybdenum powders prepared by the pulse laser wire cutting is spherical or nearly spherical, and the surface is smooth without the satellite particles or particle aggregation. In the range of the experimental process parameters, more than 90% molybdenum powder particles are over 150 µm in size, and the particles in the range of 150~300 µm account for the largest proportion, more than 60%. Molybdenum particles with the particle size less than 400 µm are usually internally dense, while the internal holes appear in some larger particles. The formation mechanism of molybdenum particles and internal holes is preliminarily analyzed.
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图 1 激光切丝法制造金属粉末试验装置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the test device for the manufacturing metal powders by laser wire cutting
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图 2 粉末粒度分布随峰值电流的变化关系
Figure 2. Relationship between the particle sizes distribution of molybdenum powders and the peak currents
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图 3 粉末粒度随脉冲频率的变化关系
Figure 3. Relationship between the particle sizes distribution of molybdenum powders and the pulse frequency
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图 7 不同粒度钼粉颗粒的截面形貌：（a）＜150 µm；（b）＞600 µm
Figure 7. Cross-sectional morphology of the molybdenum powder particles with the different particle sizes: (a) <150 µm; (b) >600 µm
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图 8 孔洞颗粒占比与钼粉颗粒度的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between the particle sizes of molybdenum powders and the pore distribution
表 1 激光切丝试验工艺参数
Table 1 Laser wire-cutting processing parameters
基本工艺 峰值电流 / A 脉冲频率 / Hz 峰值电流220 A、激光频率16 Hz，
脉冲宽度3 ms，送丝速度12.5 mm·s−1100、120、140、180、220、260 10、13、16、19 
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表 2 不同峰值电流下制备钼粉颗粒粒度分布
Table 2 Particle size distribution of the molybdenum powders obtained at various peak electric currents
% 筛网 / 目 粉末粒度 / µm 峰值电流 / A 100 120 140 180 220 260 +30 ＞600 16.4 0 0 0 0 0 −30～+40 450～600 34.5 24.0 10.8 0.3 4.1 5.2 −40～+60 300～450 47.6 32.1 23.7 28.7 14.9 21.4 −60～+100 150～300 1.5 39.4 60.9 61.1 67.5 63.0 −100 ＜150 0 4.5 4.5 9.9 13.5 10.4
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表 3 不同脉冲频率下制备钼粉颗粒粒度分布
Table 3 Particle sizes distribution of the molybdenum powders obtained at various pulse frequencies
% 筛网 / 目 粉末粒度/ µm 脉冲频率 / Hz 10 13 16 19 +30 ＞600 0 0 0 1.7 −30～+40 450～600 0.3 7.1 4.1 12.2 −40～+60 300～450 28.7 17.1 14.9 16.9 −60～+100 150～300 61.1 71.7 67.5 61.3 −100 ＜150 9.9 4.1 13.5 7.9
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