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摘要:
采用Gleeble 3800D热模拟压缩试验机系统地研究了挤压态FGH95合金在变形温度1050～1120 ℃、应变速率0.001～1.000 s−1条件下的热压缩变形行为，获得了挤压态FGH95合金的应力应变曲线，建立了挤压态FGH95合金的本构方程，并基于动态材料模型，绘制了合金的热加工图。结果表明，挤压态FGH95合金的热变形本构方程高温材料常数分别为热变形激活能Q=300.925 kJ·mol−1，常数α=0.01139 MPa−1，参数n=1.86。相较于热等静压态，挤压态合金激活能下降50%以上。根据热加工图能量耗散效率并结合微观组织分析，找到了挤压态FGH95合金的加工安全区和失稳区，提出了热加工工艺参数范围：应变速率为0.010～0.100 s−1，变形温度为1050～1120 ℃。
Abstract:The thermal compression deformation behaviors of the hot extruded (HEX) FGH95 alloys were investigated systematically using the Gleeble 3800D thermal-mechanical simulator in the strain rate of 0.001~1.000 s−1 at the deformation temperature range of 1050~1120 ℃. The constitutive equations of the hot extruded FGH95 alloys were derived from the stress-strain curves obtained in the isothermal compression tests. Furthermore, the hot processing maps were established based on the dynamic models. In the results, the corresponding material constants of the constitutive equation are determined as Q=300.925 kJ·mol−1, α=0.01139 MPa−1, and n=1.86. Compared with the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) alloys, the activation energy of the hot extruded FGH95 alloys is declined by more than 50%. According to the energy dissipation efficiency and the microstructure analysis of the hot extruded FGH95 alloys, the processing safety zone and instability zone are identified during the hot extrusion process. Ultimately, the optimal processing conditions of the FGH95 alloys are proposed as the strain rate of 0.010~0.100 s−1 and the deformation temperature of 1050~1120 ℃.
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图 1 热挤压态FGH95合金的显微组织：（a）合金光学组织；（b）晶粒组织；（c）γ′相显微形貌；（d）γ′相显微形貌
Figure 1. Microstructure of the hot extruded FGH95 alloys: (a) optical microstructure; (b) grain microstructure; (c) SEM images of the γ′ phases; (d) SEM images of the γ′ phases
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图 2 FGH95合金不同应变速率下真应力–真应变曲线：（a）0.001 s−1；（b）0.010 s−1；（c）0.100 s−1；（d）1.000 s−1
Figure 2. Stress-strain curves of the hot extruded FGH95 superalloys at the different strain rates: (a) 0.001 s−1; (b) 0.010 s−1; (c) 0.100 s−1; (d) 1.000 s−1
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图 3 挤压态FGH95合金在不同变形温度下的晶粒组织：（a）1120 ℃；（b）1100 ℃
Figure 3. Grain microstructures of the hot extruded FGH95 alloys at the different transformation temperatures: (a) 1120 ℃; (b) 1100 ℃
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图 4 挤压态FGH95合金在不同变形条件下的γ′相形貌：（a）、（c）1120 ℃保温3 min；（b）、（d）1120 ℃ 0.001 s−1
Figure 4. Microstructures of the γ′ phases in the hot extruded FGH95 alloys at the different deformation conditions: (a), (c) 1120 ℃ for 3 min; (b), (d) 1120 ℃, 0.001 s−1
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图 5 不同变形温度下应变速率和峰值应力的关系：（a）lnσ和ln
$ \dot{\varepsilon } $ ；（b）σ和ln$ \dot{\varepsilon } $ Figure 5. Relationship between the maximum stress and strain rate at the different temperatures: (a) lnσ–ln
$ \dot{\epsilon } $ ; (b) σ–ln$ \dot{\varepsilon } $ ![]()
图 6 热挤压态FGH95粉末高温合金不同变形温度下ln[sinh(ασ)]和ln
$ \dot{\varepsilon } $ 的关系Figure 6. Relationship between ln[sinh(ασ)] and ln
$ \dot{\varepsilon } $ of the hot extruded FGH95 superalloys at the different temperatures![]()
图 7 热挤压态FGH95合金不同应变速率下ln[sinh(ασ)]和1/T的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between ln[sinh(ασ)] and 1/T of the hot extruded FGH95 superalloys at the different strain rates
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图 9 热挤压态FGH95合金的功率耗散图（a）和热加工图（b）
Figure 9. Power dissipation map (a) and hot processing map (b) of the hot extruded FGH95 alloys
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图 10 热挤压态FGH95合金在1120 ℃不同变形速率条件下的显微组织：（a）1.000 s−1；（b）0.100 s−1；（c）0.010 s−1；（d）0.001 s−1
Figure 10. Optical microstructure of hot extruded FGH95 alloy at 1120 ℃ with different strain rates: (a) 1.000 s−1; (b) 0.100 s−1; (c) 0.010 s−1; (d) 0.001 s−1
C Zr Cr Co W Mo Al Ti Nb B Ni 0.060 0.045 13.100 8.100 3.600 3.600 3.500 2.600 3.400 0.010 余量 
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表 2 热挤压态FGH95高温合金本构方程模型参数
Table 2 Calculated constants in the constitutive equation for the hot extruded FGH95 superalloys
Q / (kJ·mol−1) α / MPa−1 n A / s−1 300.925 0.01139 1.86 1.12×1010
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