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摘要:
通过冷等静压和冷压烧结制备出六种不同密度的聚四氟乙烯（polytetrafluoroethylene，PTFE）/Cu复合材料，并采用霍普金森系统研究了密度和制备方法对PTFE/Cu动态力学性能影响。结果表明，冷压烧结试样在其烧结过程中发生纵向膨胀，导致密度降低，且试样表面生成一层金属膜；冷压烧结试样的动态压缩性能优于冷等静压试样；冷压烧结后的PTFE/Cu材料中PTFE晶体发育更好，对Cu颗粒包裹力更大，界面结合力更高，提升了冷压烧结PTFE/Cu材料的力学性能。
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关键词:
- PTFE/Cu复合材料 /
- 冷等静压 /
- 冷压烧结 /
- 动态压缩性能
Abstract:Six kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Cu materials with the different Cu contents were prepared by cold isostatic pressing and cold press sintering, respectively. The effects of density and preparation method on the dynamic mechanical properties of PTFE/Cu materials were studied by split Hopkinson bar testing (SHPB). The results show that the density of the cold press sintered specimen decreases due to the longitudinal expansion during the cold press sintering process, and a metal film is formed on the specimen surface. The dynamic mechanical properties of the cold press sintered specimen are better than that of the cold isostatic pressed specimen. The PTFE crystals in the cold press sintered PTFE/Cu materials are better developed, and the PTFE encapsulation force on the Cu particles is greater, resulting in the greater interfacial bonding force and improving the mechanical properties of the cold press sintered PTFE/Cu materials.
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图 2 霍普金森实验系统示意图（a）和待测试样细节（b）
Figure 2. Schematic of the SHPB system device (a) and the details of specimens (b)
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图 3 PTFE/Cu试样X射线衍射图谱：（a）冷等静压试样；（b）冷压烧结试样
Figure 3. XRD results of the PTFE/Cu specimens: (a) cold isostatic pressed specimens; (b) cold press sintered specimens
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图 4 PTFE/Cu复合材料压缩试样典型宏观形貌（压缩后正反面）：（a）A1；（b）A2；（c）A3；（d）B1；（e）B2；（f）B3
Figure 4. Typical macroappearance of the PTFE/Cu specimens after compress: (a) A1; (b) A2; (c) A3; (d) B1; (e) B2; (f) B3
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图 5 制备方法和密度对动态压缩曲线的影响：（a）应变速率-时间；（b）冷等静压试样真实应力-真实应变；（c）冷压烧结试样真实应力-真实应变
Figure 5. Influence of the preparation methods and density on the dynamic compression of the PTFE/Cu specimens: (a) strain rate and time; (b) relationship between the true stress and true strain of the cold isostatic pressed specimens; (c) relationship between the true stress and true strain of the cold press sintered specimens
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图 6 PTFE/Cu复合材料试样典型显微形貌：（a）A1；（b）A2；（c）A3；（d）B1；（e）B2；（f）B3
Figure 6. Typical SEM images of the PTFE/Cu specimens: (a) A1; (b) A2; (c) A3; (d) B1; (e) B2; (f) B3
表 1 经冷等静压以及冷压后高温烧结制备的试样物理参数
Table 1 Physical parameters of the PTFE/Cu specimens prepared by cold isostatic pressing and cold press sintering
试样编号 质量 / g 直径 / mm 高度 / mm Cu质量分数 / % 理论密度 / (g·cm−3) 实测密度 / (g·cm−3) 是否烧结 A1 2.02 12.02 6.15 37.0 3.0 2.894 否 A2 2.37 12.02 6.11 50.5 3.5 3.418 否 A3 2.71 12.02 6.19 60.0 4.0 3.858 否 B1 2.05 (2.02) 11.87 (12.01) 6.30 (5.93) 37.0 3.0 2.940 (3.010) 是 B2 2.41 (2.38) 11.97 (12.03) 6.40 (5.99) 50.5 3.5 3.346 (3.495) 是 B3 2.75 (2.73) 12.11 (12.00) 6.71 (6.27) 60.0 4.0 3.558 (3.849) 是 
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表 2 制备方法和密度对PTFE/Cu材料动态压缩特性影响
Table 2 Influence of the preparation methods and density on the dynamic compression properties of the PTFE/Cu specimens
试样 抗压强度 / MPa 屈服强度 / MPa 失效应变 A1 34 33 0.32 A2 90 57 0.29 A3 76 65 0.31 B1 154 49 0.33 B2 232 96 0.37 B3 146 83 0.28
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