Abstract: As a new type of carbon nanomaterials, the nano-carbonized polymers have attracted the extensive attention. The nano-carbonized polymers show the unique core-shell structure (carbon core formed by sp²/sp³, shell formed by functional groups and polymer chains) which have been widely used in biological imaging, sensors, catalysis, light-emitting diode, copper matrix composites, and other fields. The ideal nano-carbonized polymers can be obtained by controlling the reaction conditions. The structure, synthesis method, formation mechanism, main properties, and applications of the nano-carbonized polymers were discussed and analyzed in this paper, and the latest research about the isomer in material field, especially in the powder metallurgy materials, was introduced. Finally, the future development outlook of the nano-carbonized polymers was prospected.