Preparation of Al2O3/Cu porous composites by combination of solution combustion synthesis and powder metallurgy method
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摘要:
以硝酸铜、硝酸铝、葡萄糖和尿素为原料，采用溶液燃烧合成和氢还原法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合粉末，然后将Al2O3/Cu复合粉末与造孔剂氯化钠均匀混合，再将混合粉末冷压成型，最后通过烧结-脱溶工艺制得Al2O3/Cu多孔复合材料（A-C-M）。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对粉末原料和A-C-M的微观形貌进行表征分析，使用万能试验机对A-C-M进行压缩性能测试，研究葡萄糖添加量对燃烧产物粉末的影响，探讨了Al2O3含量对A-C-M压缩性能的影响。结果表明，葡萄糖与Cu(NO3)2的摩尔比为1时，燃烧产物的比表面积达到最大值，为12.5 m2·g‒1；燃烧产物经煅烧除碳后，粉末颗粒的孔洞增加，但因高温煅烧产生烧结作用，其比表面积降低为10.2 m2·g‒1；煅烧产物经氢还原后，粉末颗粒破碎为絮状，然而因还原高温的烧结作用，使获得Al2O3/Cu复合粉末比表面积进一步降低为7.5 m2·g‒1；随Al2O3含量的增加，A-C-M孔隙率逐渐增加，其抗压缩强度逐渐降低。
Abstract:Al2O3/Cu composite powders were prepared by solution combustion synthesis and hydrogen reduction method using copper nitrate, aluminum nitrate, glucose, and urea as the raw materials. The Al2O3/Cu composite powders were uniformly mixed with the pore-forming agent sodium chloride, and then the mixed powders were cold-pressed. Finally, the Al2O3/Cu porous composite materials (A-C-M) were prepared by sintering-dissolution process. The raw powders and A-C-M were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compression performance of A-C-M was tested by universal testing machine. The effect of glucose addition on the combustion product powders was studied. The effect of Al2O3 content on the compression performance of A-C-M was discussed. The results show that, when the molar ratio of glucose to Cu(NO3)2 is 1, the specific surface area of the combustion products reaches the maximum as 12.5 m2·g‒1. After the combustion product is calcined to remove carbon, the pores of the powder particles increase, but the specific surface area is reduced to 10.2 m2·g‒1 due to the sintering effect of high temperature calcination. After the calcination products are reduced by hydrogen, the powder particles are broken into floccules. However, due to the sintering effect of high reduction temperature, the specific surface area of the obtained Al2O3/Cu composite powders is further reduced to 7.5 m2·g‒1. With the increase of Al2O3 content, the porosity of A-C-M increases gradually, and the compressive strength decreases gradually.
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Keywords:
- porous composites /
- solution combustion synthesis /
- glucose /
- porosity /
- compressive properties
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图 1 Al2O3/Cu多孔复合材料的制备工艺流程图
Figure 1. Preparation process flow chart of the Al2O3 / Cu porous composites
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图 2 不同C/Cu制备燃烧产物的X射线衍射图谱：（a）0；（b）0.5；（c）1.0；（d）1.5
Figure 2. XRD patterns of the combustion products prepared with various C/Cu ratios: (a) 0; (b) 0.5; (c) 1.0; (d) 1.5
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图 3 不同C/Cu燃烧产物的比表面积
Figure 3. Specific surface area of the combustion products prepared with various C/Cu ratios
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图 4 不同C/Cu比下制备燃烧产物显微形貌：（a）0；（b）0.5；（c）1.0；（d）1.5
Figure 4. SEM images of the combustion products prepared with various C/Cu ratios: (a) 0; (b) 0.5; (c) 1.0; (d) 1.5
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图 9 不同Al2O3含量（摩尔分数）A-C-M显微形貌：（a）0.05%；（b）0.10%；（c）0.15%
Figure 9. SEM images of the A-C-M with various Al2O3 contents (mole fraction): (a) 0.05 mol%; (b) 0.10 mol%; (c) 0.15 mol%
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图 10 不同Al2O3含量（摩尔分数）的A-C-M孔隙率
Figure 10. Porosity of A-C-M with various Al2O3 contents (mole fraction)
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图 11 不同Al2O3含量（摩尔分数）A-C-M的压缩应力-应变曲线：（a）0.05%；（b）0.10%；（c）0.15%
Figure 11. Compressive stress-strain curves of the A-C-M with various Al2O3 contents (mole fraction): 0.05%; (b) 0.10%; (c) 0.15%
表 1 不同Al2O3含量的A-C-M力学性能
Table 1 Mechanical properties of the A-C-M with various Al2O3 contents
Al2O3摩尔
分数 / %平台应力，
σ / MPa吸收能，
W / (MJ·m‒3)0.05 4.29 37.35 0.10 2.32 49.04 0.15 0.91 22.91 
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