摘要:
为了考察原料粉末对烧结成形合金的组织及性能影响规律，采用不同种类及形状的钛原料，经过高能球磨与真空热压烧结相结合的方法获得钨钛合金（Ti含量为10 wt.%）。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、维氏硬度仪等设备观察测量钨钛合金的相组成、微观形貌、晶粒尺寸、致密度及硬度等。研究发现，以TiH2、不规则形状Ti和球形Ti粉末为钛原料并采用真空热压获得的钨钛合金中均只观察到黑色的富钛相β1(Ti,W)分布于灰色的富钨相β2(Ti,W)中，合金样品致密度均超过99%，达到了常规高性能靶材致密的要求。由于不同钛原料物化特性的差异，导致其所制备的钨钛合金微观组织中富钛相β1(Ti,W)的分布及粒径尺寸存在差别。其中以TiH2粉为钛原料制备的钨钛合金性能最佳，其富钛相β1(Ti,W)分布均匀且晶粒尺寸细小，钨、钛之间的互扩散速率更高进而固溶度更高，合金致密度和力学性能也有明显提升。结果表明，通过改变钛原料可实现对钨钛合金相组成及性能的调控。
关键词:
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钨钛合金
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钛原料
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靶材
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相组成
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晶粒尺寸
Abstract:
To investigate the influence of raw material powder on the structure and performance of sintered alloy，the W-Ti alloy with a Ti content of 10 wt.% was synthesized using a combination of high-energy ball milling and vacuum hot-pressing sintering process, incorporating different types and shapes of titanium raw materials. The phase composition, microstructure morphology, grain size, density, and hardness characteristices of the W-Ti alloys were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and Vickers hardness tester. The research revealed that only black Ti-rich phase β1(Ti,W) and gray W-rich phase β2(Ti,W) were presented in W-Ti alloys synthesized from TiH2 powders, irregularly shaped Ti powders, and spherical Ti powders. Furthermore, all alloy samples demonstrated a density exceeding 99%, satisfying the requirements of high-performance target materials. Variations in physicochemical properties of different titanium raw materials, resulted in differences of the distribution and particle size of the Ti-rich phase β1(Ti,W) within the microstructures of the W-Ti alloy. Notably, the W-Ti alloy sample prepared by TiH2 powder as the titanium raw material exhibited optimal performance, characterized by a uniform distribution of the Ti-rich phase β1(Ti,W) and fine grain size. The diffusion rate between tungsten and titanium elements is higher, resulting in an increased solid solubility between them. Simultaneously, there were significant enhancements in both density and mechanical properties of the alloy. These results indicate that by employing variations in the Ti raw material, it is feasible to achieve controlled phase composition and properties of W-Ti alloys.
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