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钛原料对钨钛合金微观组织及性能的影响

Effects of Ti raw materials on microstructure and properties of W–Ti alloys

  • 摘要: 分别采用氢化钛粉、不规则形状Ti粉和球形Ti粉为钛源,与纯钨粉混合为原料粉末,通过高能球磨与真空热压烧结相结合的方法获得钨钛合金。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、维氏硬度仪等设备测量和分析钨钛合金的相组成、微观形貌、晶粒尺寸、相对密度及硬度。结果表明:三种钛原料制备的钨钛合金中均只观察到黑色的富钛相(β1(Ti,W))分布于灰色的富钨相(β2(Ti,W))中,合金样品的相对密度均超过99%,达到了常规高性能靶材致密的要求。由于钛原料物化特性的差异,导致其所制备的钨钛合金微观组织中β1(Ti,W)的分布及粒径尺寸存在差别,其中以氢化钛粉为钛原料制备的钨钛合金性能最佳,其β1(Ti,W)分布均匀且晶粒尺寸细小,钨、钛之间的互扩散速率更高,进而固溶度更高,合金相对密度和力学性能最好,相对密度为99.66%,硬度为HV (678.88±15.25)。

     

    Abstract: Tungsten–titanium alloys were obtained by high-energy ball milling and vacuum hot-pressing sintering, using titanium hydride powders, irregularly shaped Ti powders, and spherical Ti powders as the titanium source, mixing with pure tungsten powders as the raw materials. The phase composition, microstructure, grain size, relative density, and hardness of tungsten–titanium alloy were measured and studied by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the black titanium-rich phases (β1(Ti,W)) are observed to be distributed in the gray tungsten-rich phases (β2(Ti,W)) of the tungsten–titanium alloys using the three titanium source. The relative density of all these samples exceeds 99%, meeting the compactness requirements for the conventional high-performance target materials. Due to the physicochemical difference of the titanium source, the distribution and particle size of β1(Ti,W) in the tungsten–titanium alloys are different. The tungsten–titanium alloys prepared with TiH2 powders as the titanium source show the best performance. The β1(Ti,W) distribution is uniform, and the grain size is fine; the mutual diffusion rate between tungsten and titanium is higher, and the solid solubility is higher; the relative density and mechanical properties are the best, the relative density is 99.66%, and the hardness is HV (678.88±15.25).

     

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