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激光定向能量沉积高Cr低熔点镍基合金显微组织及抗高温熔盐腐蚀性能

Microstructure and corrosion resistance to high-temperature molten salt of high Cr low-melting-point nickel-based alloys by laser directed energy deposition

  • 摘要: 针对严苛高温服役工况下零件腐蚀磨损失效严重的问题,利用激光定向能量沉积(laser directed energy deposition,LDED)方法制备了含不同质量分数Cr的低熔点镍基合金,研究了Cr含量对合金组织性能与抗高温腐蚀性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子探针显微分析仪等对合金的显微组织进行分析,同时讨论了合金组织、硬度及抗高温熔盐腐蚀性能的内在联系。结果表明:激光定向能量沉积制备的高Cr低熔点镍基合金组织主要由γ-Ni、CrB和Cr5B3组成;随着Cr含量增加,合金中硼化物含量相应升高,且块状Cr5B3相逐渐向粗大条状转变,菊花状(γ-Ni+CrB)共晶相消失,出现层片状的(γ-Ni+Cr5B3)共晶相。合金的硬度随Cr含量不断升高,最高达到HV 360.8,主要源自基体相硬度的升高和硼化物硬质相含量的升高。与TP347H不锈钢相比,新型高Cr低熔点镍基合金的抗高温熔盐腐蚀性能更加优异,且随Cr含量增加,合金的抗高温腐蚀性能明显提高;其中含40%Cr的合金试样表现出最优抗腐蚀性能,比TP347H提高约15倍。在高温腐蚀过程中,合金表面形成致密的富Cr氧化膜,可有效阻碍腐蚀反应侵入;另一方面,Cr元素可发挥固硫作用,使得高Cr低熔点镍基合金表现出优异的抗高温熔盐腐蚀性能。

     

    Abstract: In view of the serious corrosion and wear failure for the parts under harsh and high-temperature service conditions, the low-melting-point nickel-based alloys with different Cr content (mass fraction) were prepared by laser directed energy deposition (LDED). The effects of Cr content on the microstructure and high-temperature corrosion resistance of the alloys were investigated. The microstructure of the alloys was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and electron probe microanalyser (EPMA), and the relationship between the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance to high temperature molten salt was discussed. The results show that the microstructure of high Cr low-melting-point nickel-based alloys prepared by LDED is mainly composed of γ-Ni, CrB, and Cr5B3. With the increase of Cr content, the boride content in the alloys increases correspondingly, and the coarse Cr5B3 phases change from block to coarse strip gradually; the daisy (γ-Ni+CrB) eutectic phases disappear, and the lamellar (γ-Ni+Cr5B3) eutectic phases appear. The hardness of the alloys increases with the Cr content, reaching up to HV 360.8, mainly due to the increase of the matrix phase hardness and the boride hard phase content. Compared with TP347H stainless steels, the high Cr low-melting-point nickel-based alloys have the better resistance to high temperature molten salt corrosion, with the increase of Cr content. The alloy samples with 40% Cr show the best corrosion resistance, which is about 15 times higher than that of TP347H. During the high temperature corrosion process, the dense Cr-rich oxide films are formed on the alloy surface, which can effectively prevent the corrosion reaction from invading. On the other hand, Cr element can play the role of sulfur fixation, resulting in the excellent resistance to high temperature molten salt corrosion of the high Cr low-melting-point nickel-based alloys.

     

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