Abstract: This paper systematically reviews the spontaneous combustion characteristics and prevention and control research progress of typical metal dust such as aluminum and magnesium when exposed to moisture and heat. It reveals the coupled regulation of spontaneous combustion by temperature, humidity, particle size and impurities, etc., and presents the multi-stage characteristics of "oxide film rupture-hydroxide nucleation-chain reaction exothermic". It was found that material alloying and surface modification can regulate hydrogen production efficiency, but there is a contradiction between safety and efficiency. Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to clarify microscopic mechanisms such as hydrogen bond assisted proton transfer in nanoparticles, but research on micro-macro cross-scale correlation is still insufficient. All in all, existing research focuses on a single variable, and the actual multi-factor coupling effects and dust dynamic diffusion models need to be improved urgently. In the future, multi-scale simulation and industrial-level verification need to be combined to build an integrated research framework of "mechanism-prediction-prevention and control" to provide key support for the prevention and control of metal dust explosion and the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.