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W-Ni-Fe-Mo/Co梯度结构钨合金的制备及力学性能研究

Study on fabrication and mechanical properties of gradient-structured W-Ni-Fe-Mo/Co tungsten heavy alloys

  • 摘要: 性能呈梯度变化的梯度结构钨合金材料可有效解决传统均质钨合金强度与韧性的匹配瓶颈。本文分别优化设计出高强度93W-Ni-Fe-Mo合金和高塑性90W-Ni-Fe-Co合金,并采用共烧结制备出梯度结构钨合金,研究了W-Ni-Fe-Mo和W-Ni-Fe-Co合金体系以及W-Ni-Fe梯度结构合金的微观组织及力学性能特征。研究结果表明,添加Mo可有效提高93W-Ni-Fe合金的抗拉强度;而Co的引入可提升90W-Ni-Fe合金的延展性能。结合预烧结和分步烧结工艺,在1500 ℃温度共烧结制备出梯度结构钨合金,界面层厚度约20 μm,其中高强侧与高塑侧的拉伸性能分别为1180 MPa和920 MPa,对应的总伸长量分别为15%和48%。证明Mo掺杂引发了细晶强化与固溶强化效应,但大量引入(Mo添加量≥12%)会导致MoNi金属间化合物在W/γ粘结相界面处产生,从而损害塑性。

     

    Abstract: Gradient-structured tungsten alloys with spatially graded mechanical properties can effectively resolve the strength-ductility trade-off in conventional homogeneous tungsten alloys. The study separately develops a high-strength 93W-Ni-Fe-Mo alloy and a high-ductility 90W-Ni-Fe-Co alloy through optimized design. It employs co-sintering to fabricate gradient-structured tungsten alloys and systematically investigates the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of both W-Ni-Fe-Mo/Co alloy systems and the W-Ni-Fe gradient-structured alloy. Experimental findings demonstrate that the addition of Mo can effectively improve the tensile strength of 93W-Ni-Fe alloy and the introduction of Co can improve the ductility of 90W-Ni-Fe alloy. Fabricated via integrated pre-sintering and stepwise sintering at 1500 °C, the gradient tungsten alloy shows a ~20 μm interfacial layer. Tensile tests reveal 1180 MPa strength (15% elongation) in the high-strength zone and 920 MPa (48% elongation) in the high-ductility zone. The study identifies grain refinement and solid solution strengthening mechanisms induced by Mo doping. However, the introduction of a large amount (Mo addition ≥12%) canl lead to the formation of MoNi intermetallic compounds at the W/γ binder phase interface, which can damage the plasticity.

     

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