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W–Ni–Fe–Mo/Co梯度结构钨合金的制备及力学性能

Fabrication and mechanical properties of gradient-structured W–Ni–Fe–Mo/Co tungsten heavy alloys

  • 摘要: 性能呈梯度变化的梯度结构钨合金材料可有效解决传统均质钨合金强度与韧性的匹配瓶颈。本文分别优化设计出高强度93W–Ni–Fe–Mo合金和高塑性90W–Ni–Fe–Co合金,并采用共烧结制备出梯度结构钨合金,研究了W–Ni–Fe–Mo合金体系、W–Ni–Fe–Co合金体系以及W–Ni–Fe梯度结构合金的微观组织及力学性能特征。结果表明,添加Mo可有效提高93W–Ni–Fe合金的抗拉强度,而Co的引入可提升90W–Ni–Fe合金的延展性能。结合预烧结和分步烧结工艺,在1480 ℃温度共烧结制备出梯度结构钨合金,界面层厚度约20 μm,其中高强侧与高塑侧的拉伸性能分别为1153.0 MPa和972.6 MPa,对应的总伸长量分别为13.1%和21.5%。Mo掺杂引发了细晶强化与固溶强化效应,但大量引入(Mo质量分数≥12%)会导致MoNi金属间化合物在W/γ粘结相界面处产生,从而损害塑性。

     

    Abstract: Gradient-structured tungsten heavy alloys with spatially graded mechanical properties can effectively resolve the strength-ductility trade-off in conventional homogeneous tungsten alloys. The high-strength 93W–Ni–Fe–Mo alloys and high-ductility 90W–Ni–Fe–Co alloys were separately developed through the optimized design. The co-sintering was employed to fabricate the gradient-structured tungsten alloys, and the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the W–Ni–Fe–Mo/Co alloy systems and the W–Ni–Fe gradient-structured alloys were systematically investigated. In the results, the addition of Mo can effectively improve the tensile strength of 93W–Ni–Fe alloys and the introduction of Co can improve the ductility of 90W–Ni–Fe alloys. Being fabricated by integrated pre-sintering and stepwise sintering at 1480 ℃, the gradient tungsten alloys show about 20 μm interfacial layers. Tensile tests reveal the 1153.0 MPa strength (13.1% elongation) in the high-strength zone and the 972.6 MPa strength (21.5% elongation) in the high-ductility zone. The grain refinement and solid solution strengthening mechanisms are induced by Mo doping, however, the introduction with high content (Mo mass fraction≥12%) can lead to the formation of MoNi intermetallic compounds at the W/γ binder phase interface, which can damage the plasticity.

     

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