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钨粉形貌对烧结微观组织及致密化行为的影响

Effect of tungsten powder morphology on sintering microstructure and densification mechanism

  • 摘要: 采用热压结合热等静压烧结法烧结三种不同形貌的钨粉,对比球形钨粉与不规则钨粉的烧结组织及致密化行为。结果表明,在热等静压烧结阶段,不规则粉末FW9以晶界扩散与塑性流动协同致密化,而球形粉末SW15和SW25分别以塑性流动和表面扩散为主,致密化效率逐步降低。SW25的粒径过宽是限制其致密化行为的重要因素。微观结构分析表明,烧结态FW9的平均位错密度为0.577×1014 m−2,小角度晶界占比24.4%,晶粒尺寸分布较宽(25~250 μm),平均晶粒尺寸为76.04 μm,且存在明显择优取向。相比之下,烧结态SW15和SW25的平均位错密度分别为0.800×1014 m−2和1.300×1014 m−2,小角度晶界占比分别为62.4%和75.0%,表明球形粉末在烧结过程中晶格畸变和塑性变形加剧。此外,烧结态SW15和SW25的平均晶粒尺寸分别为44.68 μm和50.15 μm,晶粒尺寸均匀且无明显择优取向,表明球形粉末能有效抑制晶粒异常长大并避免择优织构的形成。球形粉末在调控晶粒尺寸均匀性和晶粒取向方面具有显著优势,为高性能钨靶材的制备提供了重要依据。

     

    Abstract: The sintering microstructure and densification behavior of the spherical and irregular tungsten powders prepared by hot pressing (HP) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were systematically investigated. In the results, the irregular FW9 powders achieve the densification through coupled grain boundary diffusion and plastic flow during HIP stage, whereas the spherical SW15 and SW25 powders exhibit the progressively reduced densification efficiency dominated by plastic flow and surface diffusion mechanism, respectively. Notably, the broad particle size distribution of SW25 powders critically constrains the densification process. The FW9 sintered compacts display the average dislocation density of 0.577×1014 m−2, the low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) of 24.4%, the wide grain size distribution of 25~250 μm, and the average grain size of 76.04 μm with the pronounced crystallographic texture. In contrast, the SW15 and SW25 sintered compacts show the higher average dislocation densities of 0.800×1014 m−2 and 1.300×1014 m–2, the elevated LAGB fractions of 62.4% and 75.0%, and the uniform grain sizes of 44.68 μm and 50.15 μm, respectively, without the preferential orientation, indicating the intensified lattice distortion and plastic deformation in spherical powders during sintering. It is demonstrated that the spherical powders significantly enhance the grain size uniformity, suppress the abnormal grain growth, and avoid the texture formation, providing the critical insights for tailoring high-performance tungsten sputtering targets through powder morphology optimization.

     

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