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固溶处理对粉-管结合阵列多孔钢压缩性能的影响

The Effect of Solution Treatment on the Compressive Properties of Powder-Tube Bonded Array Porous Steel

  • 摘要: 本文以不锈钢粉末与薄壁钢管为原料,采用真空烧结方法制备出孔隙率为60%-65%的新型粉-管冶金结合阵列结构多孔钢,不锈钢粉末与薄壁钢管外壁通过形成烧结颈实现了可靠冶金连接,但烧结态试样中存在富Cr第二相析出,导致奥氏体基体中Cr元素贫化。针对这一问题,本文对烧结态试样进行不同保温时间的固溶处理,结果表明,经1050 °C × 30 min固溶处理后,试样中的富Cr第二相基本消失并溶入基体。在力学性能方面,固溶处理前、后试样的变形机制基本一致。准静态面内压缩时,试样在低应变下即萌生裂纹,裂纹随应变的增加逐步扩展并失效;面外压缩过程中,试样裂纹萌生延迟且集中于外层粉末区,整体变形更均匀,表现为外层粉末区的局部破坏。固溶处理后试样的压缩性能显著提升,其中以1050 °C × 30 min固溶处理的试样压缩性能最优。相较于未固溶处理的原始试样,该工艺下试样的面内压缩平台应力σ_pl,总吸能E_ab及比吸能SEA分别提升51.04%、31.92%和25%;面外压缩条件下,上述三项指标的提升幅度则分别达到40.65%、55.24%和30.85%。

     

    Abstract: In this study, stainless steel powder and thin-walled steel tubes served as feedstock for fabricating a novel array-structured porous steel through vacuum sintering, exhibiting porosities of 60–65%. Reliable metallurgical bonding between stainless steel powder and the outer wall of the thin-walled steel tubes was achieved through the formation of sintering necks. However, precipitation of Cr-rich secondary phases occurred in the as-sintered samples, leading to chromium depletion within the austenitic matrix. To mitigate these microstructural characteristics, systematic solution treatments were implemented with variable holding durations. Optimal homogenization was achieved through solution treatment at 1050 °C for 30 minutes, which effectively dissolved approximately 100% of the Cr-rich secondary phases into the matrix. Mechanistic investigations under quasi-static loading conditions indicated consistent deformation behavior before and after solution treatment. Under in-plane compression, crack initiation occurred at low strain levels, followed by progressive propagation leading to complete sample failure. Conversely, out-of-plane compression demonstrated delayed crack formation localized within the outer powder region, producing more uniform deformation patterns with damage localization confined to the peripheral areas. The solution-treated samples exhibited significant enhancement in mechanical performance, particularly those processed at 1050 °C for 30 minutes showing superior compressive properties. Comparative analysis against as-sintered controls revealed improvements of 51.04% in in-plane compressive plateau stress (σ_pl), 31.92% increase in total energy absorption (E_ab), and 25% enhancement in specific energy absorption (SEA). Corresponding improvements under out-of-plane compression conditions reached 40.65%, 55.24%, and 30.85% respectively for these three critical mechanical parameters.

     

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