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高熵非晶软磁材料的研究进展与挑战

Research Progress and Challenges of High-Entropy Amorphous Soft Magnetic Materials

  • 摘要: 高熵非晶软磁合金融合了高熵合金的多主元设计理念与非晶合金结构的优异软磁特性,为突破传统软磁材料长期面临的“强度-塑性”与“高磁感-低矫顽力”之间的性能权衡困境提供了新途径。本文系统综述了高熵非晶软磁合金的研究进展,重点阐述了序调控策略在构建非晶-纳米晶过渡结构中的应用。首先回顾了软磁材料的发展脉络与非晶合金的突破,分析了高熵合金与非晶合金融合的理论基础;其次总结了合金成分设计原理,包括铁磁性元素配比优化、类金属元素对玻璃形成能力的调控以及微量元素的作用机制。研究表明,Fe、Co、Ni的优化配比可最大化局部磁矩,类金属元素B、Si显著影响非晶形成能力与磁致伸缩系数,微量元素Cr、Mo、Nb、V等可有效调控纳米晶析出行为并改善合金的耐腐蚀性能。最后综述了典型合金体系的研究进展,包括FeCoNi-Si-B系、FeCoNi-Al-Si系、含难熔元素的高熵非晶体系、高熵合金纤维的一步法制备及增材制造技术应用,探讨了机器学习辅助成分设计、微观结构精确调控及工业应用可行性等未来发展方向。

     

    Abstract: High-entropy amorphous soft magnetic alloys combine the multi-principal design concept of high-entropy alloys with the excellent soft magnetic characteristics of amorphous alloy structures, which provides a new way to break through the performance trade-off dilemma between "strength-plasticity" and "high magnetic inductance-low coercivity" faced by traditional soft magnetic materials for a long time. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of high-entropy amorphous soft magnetic alloys, focusing on the application of sequence regulation strategies in the construction of amorphous-nanocrystalline transition structures. Firstly, the development context of soft magnetic materials and the breakthrough of amorphous alloys are reviewed, and the theoretical basis of the fusion of high-entropy alloys and amorphous alloys is analyzed. Secondly, the design principles of alloy composition are summarized, including the optimization of ferromagnetic element ratio, the regulation of glass-forming ability of metalloid elements, and the action mechanism of trace elements. The results show that the optimal ratio of Fe, Co and Ni can maximize the local magnetic moment, metalloid elements B and Si significantly affect the amorphous formation ability and magnetostrictive coefficient, and trace elements Cr, Mo, Nb and V can effectively regulate the precipitation behavior of nanocrystals and improve the corrosion resistance of alloys. Finally, the research progress of typical alloy systems, including FeCoNi-Si-B series, FeCoNi-Al-Si series, high-entropy amorphous systems containing refractory elements, one-step preparation and application of additive manufacturing technology of high-entropy alloy fibers, and the future development directions of machine learning-assisted component design, precise microstructure regulation and industrial application feasibility are discussed.

     

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