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粘结剂喷射3D打印多孔钨的三峰粉末级配设计与性能调控

Trimodal Powder Gradation Design and Property Tailoring of Binder Jetting 3D Printed Porous Tungsten

  • 摘要: 针对粘结剂喷射3D打印(BJ3DP)多孔钨尺寸稳定性与烧结致密化难以兼顾的矛盾,本研究选用三种单峰钨粉为原料,构建五组不同配比的三峰级配体系,系统探究粉末级配对几何填充、约束烧结机制及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,1:1:1均等配比体系的几何填充效应最显著,生坯相对密度达最高值64.13%,可有效抑制高比表面积粉体易导致的分层缺陷,保障生坯完整性。在高温致密化阶段,由中、粗颗粒协同构筑的三维骨架主导整个“约束烧结”过程,其空间钉扎效应限制细粉的局部高活性收缩,将基体体积收缩率控制在6.5%范围之内,使构件展现出优异的宏观尺寸稳定性。同时,细颗粒在骨架间隙处优先烧结形成连续烧结颈网络,促使冶金结合强度的提升,最优级配样品的抗弯强度达114.54 MPa。本研究有效兼顾多孔钨构件高尺寸精度与高力学强度,为高性能难熔金属多孔结构的精细化制备提供了重要的理论依据与工艺支撑。

     

    Abstract: To address the dilemma of balancing dimensional stability and sintering densification in binder jetting 3D printed (BJ3DP) porous tungsten, this study selected three types of unimodal tungsten powders as raw materials to construct five groups of trimodal powder gradation systems with different blending ratios. The effects of powder gradation on geometric packing, constrained sintering mechanisms, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results show that the equal-ratio (1:1:1) blending system exhibited the most significant geometric packing effect, achieving a maximum green relative density of 64.13%. This effectively suppressed the delamination defects commonly caused by high-specific-surface-area powders, thereby ensuring the integrity of the green bodies. During the high-temperature densification stage, the three-dimensional skeleton synergistically constructed by medium and coarse particles dominated the entire "constrained sintering" process. Its spatial pinning effect restricted the localized high-activity shrinkage of fine powders and controlled the volumetric shrinkage of the matrix to within 6.5%, endowing the components with excellent macroscopic dimensional stability. Simultaneously, fine particles preferentially sintered at the interstices of the skeleton to form a continuous sintering-neck network, which promoted the enhancement of metallurgical bonding strength. The flexural strength of the sample with the optimal gradation reached 114.54 MPa. This study effectively balances the high dimensional accuracy and high mechanical strength of porous tungsten components, providing an important theoretical basis and technical support for the precise fabrication of high-performance refractory metal porous structures.

     

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