Abstract: A Cu-5Cr alloy powder was prepared by mechanical alloying of the mixed elemental Cu and Cr powders and consolidated by hot hydrostatic extrusion, and the microstructrue and properties relationship of this alloy was discussed in the present paper. The high strength(σ_b ≥ 750MPa) of the mechanically alloyed Cu-5Cr is attributed to both the fine grain strengthening and the dispersion strengthening. The heat treatment could improve the ductility (δ ≥ 8%) and conductibility (≥ 60%IACS) of this alloy. In the Cu-5Cr alloy,the average grain size is about 0.1μm and the precipitated Cr particles are on the level of nanometer.