Abstract: Nanodiamond has the dual characteristics of the diamond and the nano-materials. Due to the sp³/sp² hybrid structure of core and surface and the abundant surface dangling bonds and functional groups, the nanodiamond shows the broad application in the fields of lapping and polishing, antifriction and lubrication, composite material reinforcement, drug delivery, and fluorescence absorption. The nanodiamond particles agglomerate in hundreds of nanometers and need to be dispersed into the different liquid phase systems by various means. The research on the dispersion methods of the nanodiamond was summarized at home and abroad in this paper, and the principle and characteristics of the dispersion methods as the mechanical method, the inorganic chemical method, the high energy field treatment, and the surface organic chemical modification were analysed.