摘要:
摘 要 以45#钢为基板，通过激光选区熔化金属3D打印构建316L不锈钢（SLM 316L不锈钢）-45#钢双材料，并对其显微组织和力学性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明：采用扫描速度（ν）：1000 mm?s-1 ，激光功率（P）：225 W ，铺粉厚度（d）：30 μm ，扫描间距（h）: 100 μm的工艺条件，SLM 316L不锈钢打印态试样性能最好，缺陷最少，几乎全致密。在此参数下SLM 316L不锈钢与基板45#钢达到优良的冶金结合，结合处冲击功为64 J。当拉伸方向垂直于结合界面时，未在结合处断裂，断裂发生在SLM 316L不锈钢部分，屈服强度、抗拉强度以及延伸率分别为335.2 MPa，619.9 MPa和48.4%，显示界面结合处具有比316L不锈钢更高的强度。结合部分影响区宽度约为120 μm，含有因激光快速淬火而形成的大量针状马氏体，其显微硬度明显高于两测基体的显微硬度。当拉伸方向平行于界面时，屈服强度、抗拉强度以及延伸率分别为448.8 MPa，653.2 MPa和28.8%。
Abstract:
ASTRACT A 316L stainless steel/45# steel hybride material was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) 3D printing of gas atomized 316L stainless steel powder on a 45# steel substrate, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that with the scanning speed (ν) of 1000 mm?s-1, laser power (P) of 225 W, powder bed thickness (d) of 30μm and scanning track spacing (h) of 100 μm, the SLM 316L stainless steel had the least defects, and was almost fully dense. With these process parameters, the SLM 316L stainless steel and 45# steel substrate achieved excellent metallurgical bonding, and the Charpy impact energy of the bonding region was 64 J. When the tensile loading direction was perpendicular to the bonding interface, the fracture occurred within the SLM 316L stainless steel rather than at the bonding interface, and the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation to fracture (EL) were 335.2 MPa, 619.9
MPa and 48.4% respectively, showing that the bonding interface had a higher strength than the SLM 316L stainless steel. The width of the heat affected zone across the bonding interface was about 120 μm, and contained a high number density of martensitic aciculae formed as a result of rapid quenching after solidification, and the microhardness of the bonding zone was obviously higher than that of the SLM 316L stainless steel and the 45# steel substrates. When the tensile loading direction was parallel to the bonding interface, the YS, UTS and EL of the hybrid material were 448.8 MPa, 653.2 MPa and 28.8% respectively.
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