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摘要: 制备了W-Ni-Sr钨合金电极材料, 分析了W-Ni-Sr电极烧蚀失效后的形貌, 并探讨了钨合金电极材料的优化方向。结果表明, 电极的击穿和烧蚀主要发生在钨酸盐相, 烧蚀后仅发生Ni17W3和Sr3WO6两相的消耗, 没有新相产生; 主要是低熔点组分发生熔化、溅射, 沉积在电极表面, 导致电极表面形貌改变, 从而影响发射均匀性; 改善材料的组织均匀性和减小晶粒度可有利于钨合金电极使用性能的提高。Abstract: The W-Ni-Sr tungsten alloy electrode materials were prepared, the morphology of the W-Ni-Sr electrode erosion was studied, and the optimization of the tungsten alloy electrode materials was discussed. In the results, the breakdown and erosion mainly occur in the tungstate phase, only Ni17W3 and Sr3WO6 phases are consumed, and no new phase is found after the erosion. The components with the low melting point are melted, sputtered, and deposited on the electrode surface, resulting in the changes of electrode surface morphology and affecting the emission uniformity. The electrode performance can be improved by improving the uniformity of the tungsten alloy electrode materials and reducing the grain size.
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Keywords:
- tungsten alloys /
- electrode /
- erosion /
- morphology
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图 1 W-Ni-Sr电极X射线衍射图：(a)烧蚀前；(b)烧蚀后
Figure 1. X-ray diffraction patterns of W-Ni-Sr electrodes: (a)before the erosion; (b)after the erosion
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图 2 电极材料烧蚀表面宏观形貌：(a)低倍宏观形貌；(b)位置1处高倍宏观形貌；(c)位置2处高倍宏观形貌
Figure 2. Macroscopic morphology on the erosion surface of the electrode material: (a)low magnification morphology; (b)high magnification morphology at position 1;(c)high magnification morphology at position 2
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图 3 从烧蚀区边缘到中心((a)~(h))不同烧蚀程度的W-Ni-Sr电极材料表面显微形貌：
Figure 3. Microstructure of the W-Ni-Sr electrode surface with the different erosion degree from the edge to the center of erosion area((a)~(b))
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