Microstructure and mechanical properties of pure titanium prepared by powder metallurgy combined with hot extrusion and rotary swagin
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摘要: 采用粉末冶金技术结合热挤压和旋锻工艺制备纯钛棒，利用万能试验机、维氏显微硬度仪、金相显微镜、高精度多功能密度计等设备测试纯钛棒的屈服强度、维氏硬度、显微组织和相对密度，研究了纯钛棒的制备工艺及其微观组织结构对材料力学性能的影响。研究表明，利用粉末冶金技术结合热挤压和旋锻工艺制备的纯钛棒屈服强度是880 MPa，均匀延伸率是4.06%，在拉伸变形过程中发生韧性断裂。纯钛棒显微组织为等轴状的细晶粒组织，平均晶粒尺寸约1 μm，组织分布均匀，无明显裂纹和缺陷，有较高的相对密度。Abstract: Pure titanium rods were prepared by the powder metallurgy technology combined with the hot extrusion and the rotary swaging. The yield strength, Vickers hardness, microstructure, and relative density of the pure titanium rods were tested by the universal testing machine, Vickers microhardness tester, metallographic microscope, and high-precision multifunctional densitometer. The effects of preparation technology and microstructure on the mechanical properties of the pure titanium rods were studied. The results show that, the yield strength of pure titanium rods prepared by the powder metallurgy combined with the hot extrusion and rotary forging is 880 MPa, the uniform elongation is 4.06%, and the ductile fracture occurs during the tensile deformation. The microstructure of pure titanium rods is equiaxed fine grain structure, the average grain size is about 1 μm, the structure distribution is uniform, showing no obvious cracks and defects and high relative density.
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Key words:
- pure titanium /
- hot extrusion /
- rotary swaging /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 粉末冶金加热挤压及旋转锻造实验工艺流程
Figure 1. Experimental process of the powder metallurgy combined with the hot extrusion and the rotary swagin
图 3 万能试验机设备和拉伸试样示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the universal testing machine and the titanium tensile specimens
图 5 粉末冶金钛棒硬度与距表面深度变化关系
Figure 5. Relationship between the hardness and the depth from surface of the titanium rods prepared by powder metallurgy
图 6 粉末冶金钛棒金相组织（a）及放大图（b）
Figure 6. Microstructure of the titanium rods prepared by powder metallurgy (a) and the magnified view (b)
图 7 粉末冶金钛棒断口形貌图：（a）断口整体形貌；（b）A区域形貌；（c）B区形貌；（d）C区域形貌
Figure 7. Fracture morphology of the titanium rods prepared by powder metallurgy: (a) overall fracture morphology; (b) magnified view of area A; (c) magnified view of area B; (d) magnified view of area C
表 1 钛材拉伸数据
Table 1. Tensile data of the titanium specimens
样品名称 屈服强度 / MPa 均匀延伸率 / % 抗拉强度 / MPa Ti–退火 193 10.20 269 Ti–低温轧制 659 4.35 784 Ti–粉末冶金 880 4.06 1021 
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