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摘要: 采用包覆热分解烧结法，制备了多层陶瓷电容器内部电极用MgO包覆Ni纳米粉体，讨论了反应物浓度和分散剂含量对包覆纳米镍盐前驱体颗粒大小和均匀性的影响，分析了还原烧结温度对包覆纳米Ni粉球形度和分散性的影响，并利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、热机械分析仪对MgO包覆纳米Ni粉进行了表征分析。结果表明：反应物浓度达到足以引起反应爆炸成核时，能够获得纳米镍盐颗粒；添加适量的分散剂，可以得到分散良好的纳米镍盐前驱体颗粒；还原烧结温度700 ℃时，可以获得球形度和分散性良好的MgO包覆纳米Ni粉；MgO包覆在纳米Ni粉表面，形成了核壳结构，该纳米Ni粉具有良好的收缩延迟效果。Abstract: Nickel nanopowders coated by magnesium oxide used for inner electrode of multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) were prepared by coating thermal decomposition sintering method. The effects of reactant concentration and dispersant content on the particle size and homogeneity of the nano-coated nickel salt precursors were investigated, and the influences of reduction sintering temperature on the sphericity and dispersion of the coated nano-nickel powders were discussed. The nickel nanopowders coated by MgO were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). The results show that the nano-nickel salt particles can be obtained when the reactant concentration reaches enough to cause the reaction explosion nucleation. The well-dispersed nano-nickel salt precursor particles can be obtained by adding the proper dosage of dispersant. The nickel nanopowders coated by MgO with good sphericity and dispersion can be obtained at the reduced sintering temperature of 700 ℃. The core-shell structure of the nickel nanopowders coated by MgO is formed, which show the good shrinkage delay effect.
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Key words:
- multilayer ceramic capacitor /
- precursor /
- nano-nickel powders /
- MgO /
- core-shell structure /
- thermal decomposition
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图 1 MgO包覆纳米Ni粉透射电镜形貌：（a）低倍率；（b）高倍率
Figure 1. TEM images of the nickel powders coated by MgO: (a) low magnification; (b) high magnification
图 3 不同反应物浓度条件下镍盐前驱体的扫描电子显微形貌：（a）0.3 mol·L−1；（b）0.4 mol·L−1；（c）0.5 mol·L−1
Figure 3. SEM images of the nickel salt precursors in the different concentrations: (a) 0.3 mol·L−1; (b) 0.4 mol·L−1; (c) 0.5 mol·L−1
图 4 不同分散剂含量（质量分数）镍盐前驱体扫描电子显微形貌：（a）0.5%；（b）0.7%；（c）1.0%；（d）1.5%
Figure 4. SEM images of the Ni salt precursor in different dispersant content (mass fraction): (a) 0.5%; (b) 0.7%; (c) 1.0%; (d) 1.5%
图 5 不同烧结温度下MgO包覆纳米Ni粉扫描电子显微形貌：（a）650 ℃；（b）700 ℃；（c）750 ℃；（d）800 ℃
Figure 5. SEM images of the nickel powders coated by MgO at different sintering temperatures: (a) 650 ℃; (b) 700 ℃; (c) 750 ℃; (d) 800 ℃
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