Effect of phosphorus content on the mechanical and friction properties of oil-impregnated bronze bearings
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摘要: 以青铜作为轴承基体，通过改变磷含量（0～1%，质量分数）和烧结温度，在一定转速和载荷下，测量轴承的摩擦系数和磨损量，并测定了轴承的开环强度，研究了磷含量对青铜基含油轴承的摩擦性能和力学性能的影响，获得一定工作条件下轴承配方和烧结工艺参数。结果表明：随着磷含量的增加，含油轴承的磨损量降低，力学性能提高，但磷含量过高时，轴承的含油率降低并低于轴承最低标准；随着烧结温度的增加，试样力学性能提高，但摩擦因数不稳定。当磷质量分数为0.7%、烧结温度为650 ℃时，含油轴承拥有良好的综合性能，开环强度和含油率分别为22 MPa和13.52%，摩擦因数稳定，呈最佳烧结状态。Abstract: Oil-impregnated bronze bearings with the different phosphorus contents (0~1%, mass fraction) were produced at the different sintering temperatures. To study the effect of P content on the friction and mechanical properties of the bearings, the friction coefficient and wear loss at the certain speed and load were measured, and the open-loop strength of bearings was examined. In addition, the optimized bearing content and sintering process parameters under the certain working conditions were obtained. The results show that, with the increase of P content, the wear loss of the bearings reduces, while the mechanical performances are improved. However, when the P content is excessed, the oil content reduces which is lower than the minimum standard. As the sintering temperature increases, the mechanical properties of the bearings are improved, but the friction coefficient is unstable. The open-loop strength and oil content of the oil-impregnated bronze bearing samples with 0.7% P content by mass after sintering at 650 ℃ are 22 MPa and 13.52%, respectively, showing the good comprehensive performance as the stable friction factor and the best sintering state.
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Key words:
- bronze /
- oil-impregnated bearings /
- phosphorus content /
- mechanical properties /
- friction properties
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图 1 650 ℃烧结温度下添加不同质量分数磷试样腐蚀后显微组织形貌：（a）0%；（b）0.1%；（c）0.3%；（d）0.5%；（e）0.7%；（f）1.0%
Figure 1. Microstructures of the specimens added with P in the different mass fraction at the sintering temperature of 650 ℃: (a) 0%; (b) 0.1%; (c) 0.3%; (d) 0.5%; (e) 0.7%; (f) 1.0%
图 2 650 ℃烧结温度下试样表面孔隙形貌：（a）1#；（b）5#
Figure 2. Pore profiles at the specimen surface at the sintering temperature of 650 ℃: (a) 1#; (b) 5#
图 3 650 ℃烧结温度下5#试样扫描电子显微形貌和元素面分布能谱分析
Figure 3. SEM images and elemental surface distribution EDS of the 5# specimen at the sintering temperature of 650 ℃
图 4 Cu−Sn−P三元室温截面图
Figure 4. Sectional view of the Cu−Sn−P ternary phase diagram at room temperature
图 5 烧结温度与P质量分数对试样硬度的影响
Figure 5. Effect of sintering temperature and phosphorus mass fraction on the specimen hardness
图 6 650 ℃烧结温度下P质量分数对开环强度的影响
Figure 6. Effect of phosphorus mass fraction on the open ring strength at the sintering temperature of 650 ℃
图 7 650 ℃烧结温度下不同P含量试样摩擦磨损系数随时间变化曲线
Figure 7. Time variation curves of friction and wear coefficient of the samples sintered at 650 ℃ with different P content
图 8 不同烧结温度试样摩擦磨损系数随时间变化曲线
Figure 8. Time variation curves of friction and wear coefficient of the samples sintered at different temperatures
图 9 650 ℃烧结温度下5#试样摩擦失效表面显微形貌和元素面分布能谱分析
Figure 9. SEM images and the elemental surface distribution EDS of the 5# specimen sintered at 650 ℃ after friction failure
表 1 含油轴承化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the oil-impregnated bearings
% 序号 Cu Sn P 硬脂酸锌 1# 余量 9.94 0 0.6 2# 余量 9.93 0.1 0.6 3# 余量 9.91 0.3 0.6 4# 余量 9.89 0.5 0.6 5# 余量 9.87 0.7 0.6 6# 余量 9.84 1.0 0.6 
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表 2 不同烧结温度下不同P含量试样的孔隙率和含油率
Table 2. Porosity and oil content of the specimens in different phosphorus content at different sintering temperature
序号 650 ℃ 670 ℃ 685 ℃ 700 ℃ 孔隙率 / % 含油率 / % 孔隙率 / % 含油率 / % 孔隙率 / % 含油率 / % 孔隙率 / % 含油率 / % 1# 25.38 14.43 23.28 13.38 22.97 13.22 ― 12.77 2# 22.21 14.64 22.58 13.86 21.37 13.54 ― 13.70 3# 23.11 14.14 21.84 13.05 20.65 12.74 ― 12.87 4# 19.99 13.94 19.57 12.89 18.98 12.67 ― 12.63 5# 16.00 13.52 15.63 11.53 14.32 11.36 ― 11.29 6# 14.47 6.54 11.55 5.23 10.56 4.57 ― 3.36
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表 3 不同P含量试样摩擦实验后的平均磨损量
Table 3. Average wear loss of the samples with the different P contents after the friction test
序号 磨损量 / g 1# 0.045 2# 0.035 3# 0.035 4# 0.030 5# 0.025 6# 0.015
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