Effect of melt delivery nozzle parameters on Fe–Cr alloy powders prepared by vacuum close-coupled gas atomization
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摘要: 采用真空紧耦合气雾化法制备Fe–Cr合金粉末，研究了导流管直径与导流管伸出长度对Fe–Cr合金粉末粒度分布、收得率、中位粒径（D50）的影响。结果表明，在其他工艺参数不变的情况下，当导流管直径从4.5 mm增大到6.0 mm时，Fe–Cr合金粉末累积粒度分布曲线右移，中位粒径增大，细粉收得率减小，粉末流动性减小，松装密度减小；当导流管伸出长度由2.0 mm增加到2.5 mm时，Fe–Cr合金粉末累积粒度分布曲线左移，中位粒径减小，细粉收得率增加，粉末流动性增加，松装密度升高。综上所述，雾化压力3.8 MPa，过热度250 ℃，导流管直径4.5 mm，导流管伸出长度2.5 mm，制备得到的Fe–Cr合金粉末综合性能最优。Abstract: Fe–Cr alloy powders were prepared by vacuum close-coupled gas atomization technology. The effects of the diameter and protrusion length of the melt delivery nozzle on the size distribution, yield, and median particle size (D50) of the Fe–Cr alloy powders were studied. The results show that, when the diameter of the melt delivery nozzle increases from 4.5 mm to 6.0 mm, the size accumulation distribution curve of the Fe–Cr alloy powders shifts to the right, the median particle size increases, the fine powder yield decreases, the powder fluidity decreases, and the apparent density decreases. When the protrusion length of the melt delivery nozzle increases from 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm, the size accumulation distribution curve of the Fe–Cr alloy powders shifts to the left, the median particle size decreases, the fine powder yield increases, the powder fluidity increases, and the apparent density increases. Combined with the experimental data analysis, the best comprehensive properties of the Fe–Cr alloy powders are obtained under the condition as the atomization pressure of 3.8 MPa, the superheat of 250 ℃, the nozzle diameter of 4.5 mm, and the nozzle protrusion length of 2.5 mm.
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图 1 国产真空气雾化制粉设备：（a）设备正面总成图；（b）设备细节示意图
Figure 1. Vacuum gas atomization equipment: (a) front assembly diagram of equipment; (b) details of equipment
图 2 导流管直径对Fe–Cr合金粉末质量的影响：（a）粉末累积粒度分布；（b）各粒度段粉末收得率；（c）粉末中位粒径
Figure 2. Effect of melt delivery nozzle diameter on the powder quality of the Fe–Cr alloy powders: (a) cumulative particle size distribution; (b) yield in each particle size section; (c) median particle size
图 3 不同导流管直径下制备的粉末表面形貌：（a）4.5 mm；（b）5.0 mm；（c）6.0 mm
Figure 3. SEM images of the Fe–Cr alloy powders prepared with the different melt delivery nozzle diameters: (a) 4.5 mm; (b) 5.0 mm; (c) 6.0 mm
图 4 导流管伸出长度对Fe–Cr合金粉末质量的影响：（a）粉末累积粒度分布；（b）各粒度段粉末收得率；（c）粉末中位粒径
Figure 4. Effect of melt delivery nozzle length on the powder quality of the Fe–Cr alloy powders: (a) cumulative particle size distribution; (b) yield in each particle size section; (c) median particle size
图 5 不同导流管伸出长度下制备的粉末表面形貌：（a）2.0 mm；（b）2.5 mm
Figure 5. SEM images of the Fe–Cr alloy powders with the different melt delivery nozzle lengths: (a) 2.0 mm; (b) 2.5 mm
图 6 Fe–Cr合金粉末表面元素面扫图：（a）粉末形貌；（b）Fe；（C）Cr；（d）Mn；（e）Mo；（f）Ni；（g）Si；（h）C
Figure 6. Surface map scanning of the Fe–Cr alloy powders: (a) powder morphology; (b) Fe; (c) Cr; (d) Mn; (e) Mo; (f) Ni; (g) Si; (h) C
表 1 Fe–Cr合金粉末元素名义成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Elements nominal composition of the Fe–Cr alloy powders
% Cr Mn Ni Mo Si C Fe 14.0～18.0 0.1～1.0 0.5～2.0 0.1～1.0 0.1～2.0 0.1～2.0 余量 
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表 2 不同导流管直径下的粉末流动性与松装密度
Table 2. Fluidity and apparent density of the Fe–Cr alloy powders under the different melt delivery nozzle diameters
导流管直径 / mm 粉末流动性
（每50 g）/ s粉末松装密度 /
(g·cm−3)4.5 23.0 4.77 5.0 24.5 4.49 6.0 26.6 4.26
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表 3 不同导流管伸出长度下的粉末流动性与松装密度
Table 3. Fluidity and apparent density of the Fe–Cr alloy powders with the different melt delivery nozzle lengths
导流管伸出长度 / mm 粉末流动性
（每50 g）/ s粉末松装密度 /
(g·cm−3)2.0 27.6 4.58 2.5 23.0 4.77
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位置 质量分数 / % Fe Cr Si Mo Mn Ni C A 76.9 14.8 1.2 0.1 0.2 1.0 5.6 B 74.2 14.7 1.4 0.4 0.3 1.0 8.1 C 76.5 14.7 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 5.9 D 77.2 15.3 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.7 5.3 名义含量 余量 14.0～18.0 0.1～1.0 0.5～2.0 0.1～1.0 0.1～2.0 0.1～2.0
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