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摘要: 采用烧结压轧复合工艺制备了铜铋-钢背双层金属复合材料板材，研究了磷酸锆对铜铋-钢背复合材料板材结合强度、硬度及摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明：磷酸锆的添加可以有效改善铜铋-钢背复合材料板材减摩耐磨性能，并能够提升其抗承载能力。随着磷酸锆质量分数的增加，铜铋-钢背复合材料板材的结合强度逐渐减小，硬度先增大后减小。在定速定载寿命试验中，与未添加磷酸锆的铜铋-钢背复合材料板材相比，添加质量分数为2%和4%的磷酸锆可以有效改善铜铋-钢背复合材料板材的减摩耐磨性能，降低摩擦副摩擦系数，有利于表面温升。在定速变载荷试验中，磷酸锆的添加可以显著提升铜铋-钢背双层材料的摩擦抗承载能力。在端面油循环条件下，添加质量分数4%磷酸锆的铜铋-钢背复合材料板材极限PV值（摩擦副接触面压强与摩擦线速度乘积）可以达到14 MPa∙m∙s‒1，而未添加磷酸锆的铜铋-钢背复合材料板材极限PV值仅8 MPa∙m∙s‒1，提升约75%。Abstract: The copper-bismuth (CuBi)-steel-backed double-layer metal composite plates were prepared by the sintering and press-rolling composite technology, the effect of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) on the bonding strength, hardness, and tribological properties of the CuBi-steel-backed composite plates was studied. In the results, the addition of ZrP can effectively improve the anti-friction and wear resistance of the CuBi-steel-backed composite plates and enhance the load-bearing capacity. As the ZrP mass fraction increases, the bonding strength of the CuBi-steel-backed composite plates gradually decreases, and the hardness first increases and then decreases. In the constant speed and load test, compared with the CuBi-steel-backed composite plates without ZrP, the addition of 2% and 4% ZrP by mass can effectively improve the friction and wear resistance of the CuBi-steel-backed composite plates, reduce the friction coefficient of the friction pair, and rise the surface temperature. In the constant-speed variable-load test, the addition of ZrP can significantly improve the frictional bearing capacity of the CuBi-steel-backed double-layer materials. Under the condition of end face oil circulation, the limit PV value (friction pair contact surface pressure × friction linear velocity) of the CuBi-steel-backed composite plates by adding ZrP with the mass fraction 4% reaches 14 MPa∙m∙s‒1, which is about 75% higher than that without ZrP (8 MPa∙m∙s‒1).
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图 1 磷酸锆质量分数与结合强度关系
Figure 1. Relationship between the ZrP mass fraction and binding strength
图 4 试验时间与表面温度变化关系
Figure 4. Relationship between the test time and surface temperature
图 5 添加不同质量分数磷酸锆的铜铋-钢背复合材料板材端面定载试验后磨损形貌：（a）0%；（b）2%；（c）4%；（d）6%
Figure 5. Wear morphology in the transverse plane of the CuBi-steel-backed double-layer metal composite plates added by ZrP in the different mass fraction after the constant load test: (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%
图 6 试验载荷与摩擦系数变化曲线
Figure 6. Relationship between the test load and friction coefficient
图 7 试验时间与表面温度变化关系
Figure 7. Relationship between the test time and surface temperature
图 8 添加不同质量分数磷酸锆的铜铋-钢背复合材料板材端面变载试验后磨损形貌：（a）0%；（b）2%；（c）4%；（d）6%
Figure 8. Wear morphology in the transverse plane of the CuBi-steel-backed double-layer metal composite plates added by ZrP in the different mass fraction after the variable load test: (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%
表 1 铜铋合金粉材料化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the copper-bismuth alloy powders
% 试样编号 Cu Sn Bi ZrP CuSn10Bi3 余量 10 3 — CuSn10Bi3ZrP2 余量 10 3 2 CuSn10Bi3ZrP4 余量 10 3 4 CuSn10Bi3ZrP6 余量 10 3 6 
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