Microstructure and properties of Ti/(TiB+TiC) composites prepared by low-cost TiH2 powders
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摘要: 使用低成本的TiH2粉末代替纯钛粉，通过添加B4C原位生成TiB和TiC两种增强相，经过真空无压烧结及热挤压工艺制备出具有优异力学性能的Ti/(TiB+TiC)钛基复合材料，分析了制备工艺和增强相对复合材料组织与性能的影响。结果表明，TiH2粉末具有较好的烧结活性，脱氢烧结样品的相对密度可达97.7%；经热挤压工艺，相对密度进一步提升到99.9%，接近于全致密。增强相TiB为短纤维状，TiC为颗粒状，均匀分布在等轴α-Ti基体中，能抑制等轴晶的长大，细化晶粒。热挤压工艺能进一步细化晶粒，使组织更加均匀致密，挤压态钛基复合材料具有高硬度和良好的强塑性匹配。TiH2+4%B4C（体积分数）挤压态复合材料维氏硬度Hv0.3 310，屈服强度683 MPa，抗拉强度851 MPa，断后伸长率15.1%。Abstract: Ti/(TiB+TiC) titanium matrix composites with the excellent mechanical properties were prepared by vacuum pressureless sintering and hot extrusion by using low-cost TiH2 powders instead of pure titanium powders and adding B4C to in-situ produce TiB and TiC reinforcements. The effects of preparation technology and reinforcements on the microstructure and properties of the Ti/(TiB+TiC) composites were analyzed. The results show that the TiH2 powders have the good sintering activity, and the relative density of the sample after dehydrogenation and sintering can reach 97.7%, which is further increased to 99.9% after the hot extrusion as closed to full density. The TiB reinforcements are short fibrous, and the TiC reinforcements are granular, which are uniformly distributed in the equiaxed α-Ti matrix, restraining the growth of equiaxed grains and refining the grains. The hot extrusion process can further refine the grains and make the microstructure more uniform and compact, the as-extruded titanium matrix composites show the high hardness and good matching of strength and ductility. The TiH2+4%B4C (volume fraction) extruded composites have the Vickers hardness of Hv0.3 310, yield strength of 683 MPa, tensile strength of 851 MPa, and elongation of 15.1% after fracture.
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Key words:
- TiH2 powders /
- titanium matrix composites /
- hot extrusion /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 原料粉末显微形貌：（a）TiH2；（b）B4C；（c）TMC1
Figure 1. SEM images of the raw powders: (a) TiH2; (b) B4C; (c) TMC1
图 3 不同B4C含量烧结态和挤压态样品相对密度
Figure 3. Relative density of the as-sintered and as-extruded samples with different B4C contents
图 4 不同B4C含量烧结态和挤压态样品金相组织形貌：（a）AS-TMC0；（b）AE-TMC0；（c）AS-TMC1；（d）AE-TMC1；（e）AS-TMC2；（f）AE-TMC2；（g）AS-TMC4；（h）AE-TMC4
Figure 4. Microstructures of the as-sintered and as-extruded samples with the different B4C contents: (a) AS-TMC0; (b) AE-TMC0; (c) AS-TMC1; (d) AE-TMC1; (e) AS-TMC2; (f) AE-TMC2; (g) AS-TMC4; (h) AE-TMC4
图 5 粉末原料、烧结态（a）和挤压态（b）样品X射线衍射图谱
Figure 5. XRD patterns of the raw powders and the as-sintered (a) and as-extruded (b) samples
图 6 不同B4C含量烧结态和挤压态样品维氏硬度
Figure 6. Vickers hardness of the as-sintered and as-extruded samples with different B4C contents
图 7 不同B4C含量烧结态和挤压态样品力学性能：（a）拉伸应力−应变曲线；（b）拉伸性能
Figure 7. Mechanical properties of the as-sintered and as-extruded samples with the different B4C contents: (a) tensile stress-strain curves; (b) tensile properties
图 8 挤压态Ti/(TiB+TiC)复合材料拉伸断口形貌：（a）、（b）AE-TMC0；（c）、（d）AE-TMC1；（e）、（f）AE-TMC2；（g）、（h）AE-TMC4
Figure 8. Tensile fracture images of the as-extruded Ti/(TiB+TiC) samples with different B4C contents: (a), (b) AE-TMC0; (c), (d) AE-TMC1; (e), (f) AE-TMC2; (g), (h) AE-TMC4
表 1 钛基复合材料B4C添加量和原位生成TiB和TiC增强相的理论含量
Table 1. Addition dosage of B4C in the titanium matrix composites and the theoretical content of in-situ TiB and TiC reinforcements
编号 样品 B4C体积分数 / % TiB / % TiC / % TiB+TiC体积分数 / % 体积分数 质量分数 体积分数 质量分数 TMC0 TiH2 0 — — — — — TMC1 TiH2+1%B4C 1 2.39 2.39 0.56 0.61 2.95 TMC2 TiH2+2%B4C 2 4.80 4.80 1.12 1.22 5.92 TMC4 TiH2+4%B4C 4 9.71 9.68 2.26 2.47 11.97 
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