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摘要: 为了有效抑制液相烧结下钨晶粒长大，通过1500 ℃液相烧结制备了ZrC弥散强化重钨合金（WHAs），分析了ZrC质量分数（1%、2%）对WHAs组织以及性能的影响。结果表明，随ZrC质量分数的增加，WHAs相对密度和W−W连接度下降，钨晶粒得到一定程度的细化。当ZrC质量分数为1%时，WHAs强塑性匹配效果最好，合金的相对密度达到了98.4%，钨晶粒尺寸为22.17 μm，屈服强度和抗压强度（40%变形量）分别达到了791 MPa和2179 MPa，相比未添加ZrC的WHAs分别提升了8.35%和38.70%（730 MPa和1570 MPa）。Abstract: To effectively inhibit the growth of tungsten grains during the liquid phase sintering, the ZrC dispersion-strengthened heavy tungsten alloys (WHAs) were prepared by liquid phase sintering at 1500 ℃. The effects of ZrC mass fraction (1% and 2%) on the microstructure and properties of WHAs were analyzed. The results show that, with the increase of ZrC mass fraction, the relative density and W−W contiguity of WHAs decrease, and the tungsten grains are refined to a certain extent. When the ZrC mass fraction is 1%, the strength-ductility matching effect of WHAs is the best, the relative density reaches 98.4%, the tungsten grain size is 22.17 μm, and the yield strength and compressive strength (40% deformation) reach 791 MPa and 2179 MPa, respectively, which are increased by 8.35% and 38.70%, compared with WHAs without ZrC (730 MPa and 1570 MPa).
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图 1 粉末原料显微形貌：（a）W；（b）NiO；（c）Fe2O3；（d）ZrC
Figure 1. SEM images of the powder raw materials: (a) W; (b) NiO; (c) Fe2O3; (d) ZrC
图 2 添加不同质量分数ZrC的90W−ZrC复合材料粉体显微形貌和能谱分析：（a）0；（b）1%；（c）2%
Figure 2. SEM images and EDS patterns of the 90W−ZrC composite powders with different mass fraction of ZrC: (a) 0; (b) 1%; (c) 2%
图 3 添加不同质量分数ZrC的90W−ZrC复合粉体X射线衍射图谱
Figure 3. XRD patterns of the 90W−ZrC composite powders with different mass fraction of ZrC
图 4 90W−ZrC合金相对密度和W−W连接度
Figure 4. Relative density and the W−W contiguity of the 90W−ZrC alloys
图 5 添加不同质量分数ZrC的90W−ZrC合金X射线衍射图谱
Figure 5. XRD patterns of the 90W−ZrC alloys with different mass fraction of ZrC
图 6 添加不同质量分数ZrC的90W−ZrC显微形貌和能谱分析：（a）0；（b）1%；（c）2%
Figure 6. SEM images and EDS patterns of the 90W−ZrC alloys with different mass fraction of ZrC: (a) 0; (b) 1%; (c) 2%
图 7 添加不同质量分数ZrC的90W−ZrC合金中W晶粒尺寸分布：（a）0；（b）1%；（c）2%
Figure 7. W grain size distribution in the 90W−ZrC alloys with different mass fraction of ZrC: (a) 0; (b) 1%; (c) 2%
图 8 90W−ZrC合金压缩屈服强度与硬度：（a）屈服强度曲线；（b）平均硬度
Figure 8. Compressive yield strength and hardness of the 90W−ZrC alloys: (a) yield strength curves; (b) average hardness
图 9 添加不同质量分数ZrC的90W−ZrC合金断口形貌：（a）0；（b）1%；（c）2%
Figure 9. Fracture morphology of the 90W−ZrC alloys with different mass fraction of ZrC: (a) 0; (b) 1%; (c) 2%
表 1 粉末原料晶粒尺寸及纯度
Table 1. Grain size and purity of the raw material powders
原料 晶粒尺寸 / nm 纯度 / % W 100～200 ＞99.9 NiO 50～100 ＞99.9 Fe2O3 50～100 ＞99.9 ZrC 50～100 ＞99.9 
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表 2 90W−ZrC合金晶粒尺寸及力学性能
Table 2. Grain size and mechanical properties of the 90W−ZrC alloys
合金 相对密度 / % 平均晶粒尺寸 / μm W−W连接度 平均硬度，HV 压缩屈服强度 / MPa 抗压强度 / MPa 90W 99.0±0.14 23.77 0.431±0.027 302.4±7.3 730 1570（40%变形） 90W−1%ZrC 98.4±0.21 22.17 0.414±0.022 351.3±8.7 791 2179（40%变形） 90W−2%ZrC 97.6±0.24 20.69 0.407±0.0283 380.9±9.4 861 1679（25%变形)
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