Effect of quenching temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of S590 powder metallurgy high speed steels
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摘要: 采用等离子旋转电极雾化和热等静压法制备S590粉末冶金高速钢，分别在1050、1100、1150和1180 ℃进行淬火热处理，并经过一次550 ℃回火（1 h），一次−196 ℃深冷处理（4 h）和两次550 ℃回火（1 h），研究不同淬火温度对S590粉末冶金高速钢微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：热处理后S590高速钢微观组织主要包括马氏体、M6C型碳化物和MC型碳化物。随淬火温度升高，碳化物逐渐溶入基体中，数量减少，基体晶粒尺寸变大。高速钢硬度和抗压强度随淬火温度升高呈上升趋势，1180 ℃淬火试样经后续热处理后，硬度可达HRC 67.8，抗压强度为3827 MPa；抗弯强度随淬火温度的升高先上升后下降，冲击韧性随淬火温度升高而下降，1100 ℃淬火试样抗弯强度达到最高，为5473 MPa；1050 ℃淬火试样冲击韧性最高，为76.9 J·cm−2。综合考虑显微组织和力学性能，S590粉末冶金高速钢的最优淬火温度为1100 ℃。Abstract: S590 powder metallurgy high speed steels (S590 HSS) were prepared by plasma rotating electrode atomization and hot isostatic pressing. The S590 HSS samples were quenched at 1050, 1100, 1150, and 1180 ℃, respectively, followed by the tempering at 550 ℃ for 1 h (once), −196 ℃ cryogenic treatment for 4 h (once), and tempering at 550 ℃ for 1 h (twice). The effect of quenching temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of S590 HSS was studied. The results show that, the microstructure of S590 HSS after the heat treatments mainly consists of martensite, M6C carbides, and MC carbides. With the increase of quenching temperature, the carbides gradually dissolve into the matrix, the carbide content decreases, and the matrix grain size increases. The hardness and compressive strength of S590 HSS increase with the increase of quenching temperature. After quenching at 1180 ℃ and the subsequent heat treatments, the hardness of S590 HSS is up to HRC 67.8, and the compressive strength is 3827 MPa. With the increase of quenching temperature, the bending strength first increases and then decreases, and the impact toughness decreases. The bending strength of the samples quenched at 1100 ℃ reaches the highest as 5473 MPa. The impact toughness of the samples quenched at 1050 ℃ reaches the highest as 76.9 J·cm−2. Considering the microstructure and mechanical properties, the optimum quenching temperature of S590 HSS is 1100 ℃.
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图 1 S590高速钢粉末形貌（a）和粒度分布（b）
Figure 1. Powder morphology (a) and particle size distribution (b) of S590 HSS
图 2 不同淬火温度下S590粉末冶金高速钢微观组织：（a）、（b）1050 ℃；（c）、（d）1100 ℃；（e）、（f）1150 ℃；（g）、（h）1180 ℃
Figure 2. Microstructure of S590 HSS at the different quenching temperatures: (a), (b) 1050 ℃; (c), (d) 1100 ℃; (e), (f) 1150 ℃; (g), (h) 1180 ℃
图 3 不同淬火温度下S590粉末冶金高速钢的X射线衍射图谱
Figure 3. XRD patterns of S590 HSS at the different quenching temperatures
图 4 不同淬火温度下S590粉末冶金高速钢抗压强度（a）和应力–应变曲线（b）
Figure 4. Compressive strength (a) and stress-strain curve (b) of S590 HSS at the different quenching temperatures
图 5 不同淬火温度下S590粉末冶金高速钢抗弯强度（a）和应力–应变曲线（b）
Figure 5. Bending strength (a) and stress-strain curves (b) of S590 HSS at the different quenching temperatures
图 6 不同淬火温度下S590粉末冶金高速钢抗弯测试断口形貌：（a）、（b）1050 ℃；（c）、（d）1100 ℃；（e）、（f）1150 ℃；（g）、（h）1180 ℃
Figure 6. Bending test fracture morphologies of S590 HSS at different quenching temperatures: (a), (b) 1050 ℃; (c), (d) 1100 ℃; (e), (f) 1150 ℃; (g), (h) 1180 ℃
图 7 不同淬火温度下S590粉末冶金高速钢的冲击韧性
Figure 7. Impact toughness of S590 HSS at the different quenching temperatures
图 8 不同淬火温度下S590粉末冶金高速钢冲击断口形貌：（a）、（b）1050 ℃；（c）、（d）1100 ℃；（e）、（f）1150 ℃；（g）、（h）1180 ℃
Figure 8. Impact fracture morphologies of S590 HSS at the different quenching temperatures: (a), (b) 1050 ℃; (c), (d) 1100 ℃; (e), (f) 1150 ℃; (g), (h) 1180 ℃
表 1 S590粉末冶金高速钢化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of S590 HSS
% C Si Mn Cr Mo W V Co Fe 1.28 0.60 0.29 4.10 4.88 6.18 2.99 8.17 余量 
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表 2 不同热处理工艺下S590粉末高速钢的硬度
Table 2. Hardness of S590 HSS with the different heat treatment processes
温度 / ℃ 状态 硬度，HRC 1050 一次回火 64.2 1100 67.5 1150 67.4 1180 67.8 1050 深冷 64.1 1100 67.1 1150 67.5 1180 68.0 1050 二次回火 63.5 1100 67.1 1150 67.9 1180 68.0 1050 三次回火 63.2 1100 66.9 1150 66.8 1180 67.8
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