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摘要: 采用电极感应熔炼气雾化法（electrode induction melting gas atomization，EIGA）和等离子旋转电极雾化法（plasma rotating electrode process，PREP）分别制备出了高纯度M62轴承钢粉末，利用激光粒度分析仪、氧氮分析仪、扫描电子显微镜对M62轴承钢粉末的粒径分布、氮氧含量、微观形貌进行了对比分析。结果表明：两种粉末都以球形粉为主，其中PREP制备的粉末（M62-PREP）球形度更高，而EIGA制备的粉末（M62-EIGA）中卫星粉和不规则粉末的比例较多；M62-PREP粉末的中值粒度（D50）为108.11 μm，明显高于M62-EIGA粉末的中值粒度（D50=38.68 μm）。两种粉末成分分布均匀，无明显元素偏析，其中M62-EIGA粉末颗粒内部的晶粒更细，两种粉末都具有良好的流动性。预合金电极棒、M62-PREP粉末、M62-EIGA粉末的N含量（质量分数）分别为0.0070%、0.0072%、0.0068%，N元素的含量变化不大；M62-PREP粉末的O含量（质量分数）由预合金电极棒的0.0008%增加到了0.0035%，而M62-EIGA粉末的O含量增加到了0.0089%，粉末中O含量明显增多。对热等静压后的烧结试样进行了夹杂物分析，M62-EIGA粉末轴承钢中大尺寸含氧夹杂物数量更多，选用M62-PREP粉末轴承钢应有更好的性能。Abstract: High-purity bearing steel powders were prepared by electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA) and plasma rotating electrode atomization (PREP), respectively. The particle size distribution, nitrogen and oxygen content, and microstructure of the two high-purity bearing steel powders were analyzed and compared by laser particle size analyzer, oxygen nitrogen analyzer, and scanning electron microscope. The results show that both of the powders are mainly spherical with the PREP powders (M62-PREP) having the higher sphericity, while the EIGA powders (M62-EIGA) has the higher proportion of satellite powders and irregular powders. The median particle size (D50) of the M62-PREP powders is 108.11 μm, significantly higher than that of M62-EIGA powders (D50=38.68 μm). The composition of the two powders is evenly distributed, there is no obvious element segregation, and the M62-EIGA powders are finer. Both of the powders have the good flowability. The N content (mass fraction) of the pre-alloy electrode rods, M62-PREP powders, and M62-EIGA powders are 0.0070%, 0.0072%, and 0.0068%, respectively. The content of N element does not change much. The O content (mass fraction) of M62-PREP powders increases from 0.0008% of the pre-alloy electrode rods to 0.0035%, while the O content of M62-EIGA powders increases to 0.0089%, indicating the significant increase in the O content. The M62-EIGA powder bearing steels after hot isostatic pressing and sintering have the more oxygen containing inclusions, and the M62-PREP powder bearing steels should have the better performance.
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图 1 PREP和EIGA设备制粉过程：（a）EIGA；（b）PREP
Figure 1. Powder preparation by EIGA and PREP: (a) EIGA; (b) PREP
图 2 M62-PREP和M62-EIGA粉末粒度分布
Figure 2. Particle size distribution of the M62-PREP and M62-EIGA powders
图 3 M62-PREP和M62-EIGA粉末表面形貌：（a）、（b）M62-PREP粉末；（b）、（d）M62-EIGA粉末
Figure 3. Surface morphology of the M62-PREP and M62-EIGA powders: (a) and (b) M62-PREP powders; (c) and (d) M62-EIGA powders
图 4 M62-PREP和M62-EIGA粉末截面形貌：（a）、（b）M62-PREP粉末；（b）、（d）M62-EIGA粉末
Figure 4. Cross-sectional morphology of the M62-PREP and M62-EIGA powders: (a) and (b) M62-PREP powders; (c) and (d) M62-EIGA powders
图 5 PREP和EIGA制备的M62粉末X射线衍射图谱
Figure 5. XRD diffraction patterns of the M62 powderd prepared by PREP and EIGA
图 6 PREP和EIGA制备的M62粉末截面形貌和C、Cr、Fe、V、Mo、W、Co元素能谱分析：（a）、（c）、（e）、（g）、（i）、（k）、（m）、（o）M62-PREP粉末；（b）、（d）、（f）、（h）、（j）、（l）、（n）、（p）M62-EIGA粉末
Figure 6. Cross-sectional morphology and EDS analysis (C, Cr, Fe, V, Mo, W, and Co elements) of M62 powders prepared by PREP and EIGA: (a), (c), (e), (g), (i), (k), (m), (o) M62-PREP powders; (b), (d), (f), (h), (j), (l), (n), (p) M62-EIGA powders
图 7 M62粉末轴承钢试样中不同类型夹杂物形貌：（a）A类夹杂物；（b）B类夹杂物；（c）C类夹杂物；（d）D类夹杂物；（e）Ds类夹杂物
Figure 7. Morphology of inclusions in the M62 powder bearing steel samples: (a) class A inclusion; (b) class B inclusion; (c) class C inclusion; (d) class D inclusion; (e) class Ds inclusion
图 8 M62粉末轴承钢试样夹杂物尺寸与分布：（a）A类夹杂物；（b）B类夹杂物；（c）C类夹杂物；（d）D类夹杂物；（e）Ds类夹杂物
Figure 8. Inclusion size and distribution of the M62 powder bearing steel samples: (a) class A inclusion; (b) class B inclusion; (c) class C inclusion; (d) class D inclusion; (e) class Ds inclusion
表 1 轴承钢预合金电极棒化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the bearing steel pre alloy electrode rods
% C Cr Mo W V Co Fe 1.24 3.45 11.3 6.02 2.00 0.42 余量 
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表 2 M62-PREP和M62-EIGA轴承钢粉末的工艺性能
Table 2. Performance of the M62-PREP and M62-EIGA bearing steel powders
粉末 流动性指数 松装密度 / (g·cm−3) 振实密度 / (g·cm−3) M62-EIGA 101（最优） 4.988 5.631 M62-PREP 98（最优） 5.052 5.361
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表 3 预合金电极棒和轴承钢粉末中N、O质量分数
Table 3. N and O mass fraction of the pre-alloy electrode rods and bearing steel powders
% 材料 N O 预合金电极棒 0.0070 0.0008 M62-PREP粉末 0.0072 0.0035 M62-EIGA粉末 0.0068 0.0089
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