Preparation parameter optimization and mechanical properties of the graphene-reinforced TC11 titanium alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering used for engine
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摘要: 通过添加石墨烯提高了放电等离子烧结（spark plasma sintering, SPS）制备发动机用耐高温TC11合金的力学性能，研究了不同烧结参数下TC11合金的密度，并观察了合金显微组织，分析了合金力学性能的影响因素。研究结果表明：随着烧结温度增加，试样密度先增加后平稳；提高烧结压力后，试样密度发生了略微上升。随着烧结温度的上升，更多α相转变成了高温β相，形成了相对稳定的β相比例。随着烧结时间的增加，合金室温压缩强度表现为升高的趋势。提高烧结压力后，TC11合金获得了更高的室温与高温力学强度。通过实验最终确定烧结时间5 min、温度900 ℃与压力50 MPa时制备的TC11合金具有最优力学性能。Abstract: The mechanical properties of the high temperature resistant TC11 alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) used for engine were improved by adding grapheme, the density of TC11 alloy under the different sintering parameters was studied, the microstructure was observed, and the influencing factors of mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that, with the increase of sintering temperature, the density of the sample increases first and then becomes stable. With the increase of the sintering pressure, the density of the sample increases slightly. With the increase of sintering temperature, more α phase is transformed into the high temperature β phase, forming a relatively stable ratio of β phase. With the increase of sintering time, the compressive strength at room temperature shows an upward trend. With the increase of sintering pressure, the TC11 alloys show the higher mechanical strength at room and high temperature. The sintering parameters for the TC11 alloys with the optimal mechanical properties are finally determined as the sintering time of 5 min, the sintering temperature of 900 ℃, and the sintering pressure of 50 MPa.
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Key words:
- TC11 titanium alloys /
- discharge plasma sintering /
- density /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 不同烧结温度下TC11合金X射线衍射图谱
Figure 1. XRD spectra of the TC11 alloys at the different sintering temperatures
图 2 不同烧结温度下TC11合金显微形貌：（a）700 ℃；（b）800 ℃；（c）900 ℃；（d）1000 ℃
Figure 2. SEM images of the TC11 alloys at different sintering temperatures: (a) 700 ℃; (b) 800 ℃; (c) 900 ℃; (d) 1000 ℃
图 3 不同烧结时间和压力下TC11合金X射线衍射图谱
Figure 3. XRD spectra of the TC11 alloys under the different sintering times and pressures
图 4 不同烧结时间和压力下TC11合金显微形貌：（a）3 min + 50 MPa；（b）5 min + 50 MPa；（c）3 min + 20 MPa；（d）3 min + 35 MPa
Figure 4. SEM images of the TC11 alloys under the different sintering times and pressures: (a) 3 min + 50 MPa; (b) 5 min + 50 MPa; (c) 3 min + 20 MPa; (d) 3 min + 35 MPa
表 1 不同烧结参数下TC11合金密度
Table 1. Density of the TC11 alloys under the different sintering parameters
编号 烧结参数 密度 / (g·cm‒3) 温度 / ℃ 时间 / min 压力 / MPa 1 700 7 50 4.17 2 800 7 50 4.34 3 900 7 50 4.44 4 1000 7 50 4.43 5 900 3 50 4.43 6 900 5 50 4.44 7 900 5 20 4.36 8 900 5 35 4.41 
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表 2 不同烧结温度下TC11合金的力学性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of the TC11 alloys under the different temperatures
烧结温度 / ℃ 室温力学性能 550 ℃力学性能 屈服强度 / MPa 抗压强度 / MPa 伸长率 / % 屈服强度 / MPa 抗压强度 / MPa 伸长率 / % 700 1042±11.4 1452±21.0 21.1±0.6 504±5.6 952±12.2 24.8±1.0 800 1112±19.3 1513±26.0 26.2±1.1 522±7.9 985±31.7 31.6±1.8 900 1156±20.2 1552±24.3 18.4±0.9 530±16.3 1002±32.8 27.3±1.1 1000 1048±22.3 1502±21.5 18.8±0.7 518±31.1 922±30.1 24.8±0.6
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表 3 不同烧结时间和烧结压力下TC11合金的力学性能
Table 3. Mechanical properties of the TC11 alloys under the different sintering times and sintering pressures
烧结时间+烧结压力 室温力学性能 550 ℃力学性能 屈服强度 / MPa 抗压强度 / MPa 伸长率 / % 屈服强度 / MPa 抗压强度 / MPa 伸长率 / % 3 min + 50 MPa 936.4±11.4 1536.2±27.0 20.9±0.6 570.2±5.6 971.3±12.2 25.2±1.0 5 min + 50 MPa 942.2±19.3 1586.4±40.0 25.9±1.1 544.1±7.9 1004.6±31.7 32.4±1.8 5 min + 20 MPa 933.6±11.2 1413.0±27.4 17.9±0.9 539.6±20.6 900.8±35.9 24.0±0.9 5 min + 35 MPa 934.3±9.0 1449.1±21.5 18.9±0.7 554.1±31.1 928.0±30.1 25.7±0.8
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