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摘要: 通过测量相同时间、不同温度下制备的W/Ti扩散偶成分和显微硬度，研究了W–Ti合金的扩散特性和机理，计算了W/Ti互扩散系数（单位：cm2·s-1），并利用MS软件对Ti原子数分数为12.5%~50%的W–Ti二元合金的能量、电子结构进行了理论计算。结果表明：W与Ti发生互扩散，其中W在Ti中的扩散速度远高于Ti在W中的扩散速度；在1100~1300℃时，W基固溶体中的互扩散系数公式为2.6×10-5exp(-385.3/kT)，Ti基固溶体中的互扩散系数公式为4.1×10-2exp(-285.1/kT)，其中，T为扩散温度，k为扩散距离；随着Ti原子数分数的升高，W–Ti合金的β结构稳定性降低。Abstract: The composition and microhardness of W/Ti diffusion couple prepared at different temperatures in the sameholding time were analyzed to study the interdiffusion of W–Ti alloy, the W/Ti interdiffusion coefficients were calculated, and the energy and electronic structure of W–Ti binary alloy in the Ti atomic fraction of 12.5%~50% were calculated by MS software. The results show that the diffusion speed of W in Ti is farhigher than the diffusion speed of Ti in W. The W/Ti interdiffusion coefficient equations (unit: cm2·s-1) at 1100~1300℃ in tungsten and titanium solid solutions are expressed as 2.6×10-5exp(-385.3/kT) and 4.1×10-2exp(-285.1/kT), respectively, T is diffusion temperature, k is diffusion distance; the β phase stability of W–Ti alloy decreases monotonously with the increasing of Ti content.
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Key words:
- W–Ti alloy /
- interdiffusion /
- microhardness /
- first-principle
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图 1 不同烧结温度W/Ti扩散偶的金相显微组织：（a）1100℃；（b）1300℃
Figure 1. OM images of W/Ti diffusion couples at different temperatures: (a) 1100℃; (b) 1300℃
图 2 1300℃时W/Ti扩散偶的显微组织形貌（a）和线扫描（b）分析
Figure 2. Microstructures (a) and line scanning analysis (b) of W/Tidiffusion couple at 1300℃
图 3 1300℃时W/Ti扩散偶界面元素原子数成分分布曲线
Figure 3. Composition distributions of W/Tidiffusion couple interface at 1300℃
图 4 1300℃时W/Ti扩散偶界面显微硬度分布曲线
Figure 4. Microhardness distribution of W/Tidiffusion couple interface at 1300℃
图 5 W/Ti扩散偶界面元素成分测量与计算结果（1300℃，1h）
Figure 5. Measurement and calculation results of composition distribution in W/Tidiffusion couple interface at 1300℃ for 1h
图 6 晶格常数与Ti原子数分数的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between lattice constants and Ticontent by atom
图 8 W和W16–xTix（x= 2, 4, 8）的态密度计算结果：（a）W；（b）W14Ti2；（c）W10Ti6；（d）W8Ti8
Figure 8. DOS calculation results of W and W16–xTix(x= 2, 4, 8): (a) W; (b) W14Ti2; (c) W10Ti6; (d) W8Ti8
表 1 不同温度条件下W-Ti合金中不同区域的互扩散系数
Table 1. Interdiffusion coefficients of W-Tialloy in different areas at different temperatures
温度/℃ Ti基固溶体互扩散系数/(cm2·s−1) W基固溶体互扩散系数/(cm2·s−1) 1100 5.1×10−11 9.2×10−14 1200 3.2×10−10 9.5×10−13 1300 1.4×10−9 7.5×10−12 
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表 2 Ti和W基固溶体中的扩散激活能和互扩散系数公式
Table 2. Activation energy and interdiffusion coefficient equation of Ti/W solid solution
相名称 预扩散系数/ (cm2·s−1) 扩散激活能/ (kJ·mol−1) 互扩散方程/ (cm2·s−1) Ti 4.1×10−2 285.1 4.1×10−2exp(−285.1/kT) W 2.3×10−5 385.3 2.6×10−5exp(−385.3/kT) 注：k—扩散距离，T—扩散温度。
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