Effects of braking velocity on friction properties of Cu-based powder metallurgy friction material
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摘要: 以粉末冶金法制备铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料, 采用洛氏硬度计和夏比冲击试验机对摩擦材料的力学性能进行表征, 利用MM-3000型摩擦磨损性能试验台研究了刹车速度对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响, 并借助电子扫描显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察了摩擦材料的微观形貌。研究表明:铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能与刹车速度密切相关, 随着刹车速度的增大, 摩擦吸收功率近似线性增长, 而摩擦系数呈先增大后减小的趋势; 在高速刹车条件下, 铜基体自身发生软化会破坏摩擦材料表面形成的氧化膜, 降低了分子键的抗剪切强度, 从而增大了磨损量。Abstract: Cu-based powder metallurgy friction material was prepared by powder metallurgy technology. Mechanical properties were studied by hardness tester and Charpy impact test machine, the effects of braking velocity on friction and wear properties were investigated by MM3000 friction and wear tester, and the micromorphology of friction material was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that, the friction and wear properties of Cu-based powder metallurgy friction material are related to braking velocity, the friction absorption powers present almost linear growth, and the friction coefficients increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of braking velocity. Softening of copper matrix can destroy the oxide film on friction material surface, reducing the shear strength of molecular bond and increasing wear loss.
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Key words:
- powder metallurgy /
- braking velocity /
- friction /
- wear
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图 2 铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料在55.56 m/s刹车速度下的摩擦数据曲线
Figure 2. Friction curves of Cu-based powder metallurgy material at the braking velocity of 55.56 m/s
图 3 不同刹车速度下铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料的摩擦系数和摩擦吸收功率曲线(a)及线性磨损率和质量损失曲线(b)
Figure 3. Relationships of friction absorption power–friction coefficient (a) and linear wear rate–mass loss (b) with braking velocity of Cu-based powder metallurgy friction material
图 4 铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料在不同刹车速度下的扫描电子显微形貌
Figure 4. SEM images of the Cu-based powder metallurgy friction material under the different velocity
表 1 铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料化学成分(质量分数)
Table 1. Chemical composition of the copper-based powder metallurgy brake materials
% Cu Sn Fe SiO2 铬铁 其它 60~70 1~6 6~15 5~10 2~5 10~20 
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表 2 摩擦磨损试验条件
Table 2. Condition of friction and wear test
编号 惯量/ (kg·m2) 刹车压力/ MPa 刹车速度/ (m·s-1) 刹车转速/ (r·min-1) 次数 1# 0.225 0.66 27.78 2652 10 2# 33.33 3183 10 3# 38.89 3714 10 4# 44.44 4244 10 5# 50.00 4775 10 6# 55.56 5305 10
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表 3 摩擦材料的力学性能
Table 3. Mechanical properties of friction material
密度/ (g·cm-3) 洛氏硬度，HB 冲击韧性/ (J·cm-2) ≥5.72 ≥27 ≥33.5
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