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摘要: 采用选择性激光熔化技术制备了纯钨块状样品, 研究了激光参数对所制备样品的表面形貌、内部晶粒组织和密度的影响。结果表明, 随着激光能量密度的增加, 样品表面变得光滑, 样品内部孔隙减少, 密度提高。采用功率300 W、扫描速率200 mm·s-1的激光扫描参数制备出了相对密度为97%的纯钨块状样品; 当激光功率提高至350 W时, 由于裂纹增多使样品密度下降; 随着激光输入能量密度的增加, 选择性激光熔化制备的样品内部晶粒方向性变得明显, 且晶粒尺寸增大; 采用扫描策略2 (激光功率200 W, 激光扫描速度200 mm·s-1)进行制备的样品内部孔隙较多, 且孔隙大多沿样品增材制造高度方向呈一条直线分布, 样品内部部分晶粒沿样品增材制造高度方向伸长。Abstract: The tungsten bulk materials were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) in this paper. The effects of SLM processing parameters on surface morphology, microstructures, and density of tungsten parts were investigated. The results indicate that, the number of internal pores in SLM samples is reduced with the increase of input laser energy density. The density is increased with the improvement of laser power and the decrease of laser scanning speed. The pure tungsten block sample with a relative density of 97% is prepared in the laser power of 300 W at the scanning speed of 200 mm·s-1. However, when the laser power raises to 350 W, the density of bulk tungsten sample decreases due to the enhancement of cracks. The grain is enlarged and elongated along the height direction in additive manufacturing with the increase of input laser energy density. The inside pores are increased and distributed along the height direction in additive manufacturing by using laser scanning strategy 2 (laser power 200 W and scanning speed of 200 mm·s-1). Moreover, some of grains inside sample prepared by laser scanning strategy 2 are elongated along the height direction in additive manufacturing.
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Key words:
- selective laser melting /
- tungsten /
- laser power /
- scanning speed /
- scanning strategy
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图 1 纯钨粉末形貌(a)及激光粒度分布结果(b)
Figure 1. Morphology of pure tungsten powder (a) and particle size distribution (b)
图 3 不同激光功率制备样品的上表面形貌(激光扫描速度为200 mm·s-1) : (a) 100 W; (b) 150 W; (c) 200 W; (d) 250 W; (e) 300 W; (f) 350 W
Figure 3. Top surface morphologies of samples prepared in different laser power at the laser scanning speed of 200 mm·s-1: (a) 100 W; (b) 150 W; (c) 200 W; (d) 250 W; (e) 300 W; (f) 350 W
图 4 不同激光功率制备样品的内部组织分析结果(激光扫描速度为200 mm·s-1) : (a) 100 W; (b) 150 W; (c) 200 W; (d) 250 W; (e) 300 W; (f) 350 W
Figure 4. Microstructures of samples prepared in different laser power at the laser scanning speed of 200 mm·s-1: (a) 100 W; (b) 150 W; (c) 200 W; (d) 250 W; (e) 300 W; (f) 350 W
图 5 激光扫描速度为200 mm·s-1条件下不同激光功率制备样品的密度
Figure 5. Densities of samples prepared in different laser power at the laser scanning speed of 200 mm·s-1
图 6 不同激光扫描速度制备样品的上表面形貌和内部组织分析结果(激光功率为200 W) : (a), (c) 150 mm·s-1; (b), (d) 500 mm·s-1
Figure 6. Top surface morphology and microstructures of samples prepared by different laser scan speed at the laser power of 200 W: (a), (c) 150 mm·s-1; (b), (d) 500 mm·s-1
图 7 不同激光扫速度制备样品的密度结果(激光功率为200 W)
Figure 7. Densities of samples prepared by different laser scan speed at the laser power of 200 W
图 8 在相同激光参数条件下(200 W、200 mm·s-1), 不同激光扫描策略制备样品的晶粒组织分布: (a)扫描策略1; (b)扫描策略2
Figure 8. Microstructures of samples prepared by different scanning strategy at the same laser parameters (200 W, 200 mm·s-1) : (a) scanning strategy 1; (b) scanning strategy 2
表 1 样品制备所采用的激光参数和扫描策略
Table 1. Laser parameters and scanning strategy of samples preparation
样品编号 激光功率/ W 激光扫描速度/(mm·s-1) 扫描策略 1# 100 200 1 2# 150 200 1 3# 200 200 1 4# 250 200 1 5# 300 200 1 6# 350 200 1 7# 200 150 1 8# 200 175 1 9# 200 225 1 10# 200 250 1 11# 200 300 1 12# 200 350 1 13# 200 400 1 14# 200 500 1 15# 200 200 2 
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