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摘要: 以电解铜粉和TiC粉为原料, 采用粉末冶金法制备了增强体质量分数为5%、10%、15%、20%的TiC颗粒增强铜基复合材料。通过对显微组织的观察和对相对密度、硬度、电导率、磨损率、摩擦系数的测试, 研究了增强相质量分数、烧结温度对复合材料组织性能的影响。研究结果表明, TiC颗粒除少量团聚外均匀分布在基体上, 并与基体结合良好; 随烧结温度升高, 铜基复合材料的密度和硬度均有所增加; 随增强相质量分数的增加, 硬度增加, 相对密度和电导率均有所下降; 磨损率则表现为先降低后有所增加的趋势, 磨损率在TiC质量分数为15%时最低; 铜基复合材料的摩擦系数明显低于纯铜, 其磨损机制主要以磨粒磨损为主。Abstract: TiC particle-reinforced Cu matrix composites were prepared by powder metallurgy technology using electrolytic copper powder and TiC powder as raw materials with the TiC mass fraction of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The effects of sintering temperature and TiC particle content by mass on microstructure and properties of TiC particle-reinforced Cu matrix composites were studied by metallographic microscopy, and the relative density, hardness, electric conductivity, wear rate, and friction coefficient were tested. The results indicate that, except for a small amount of agglomeration, most of TiC particles distribute on the Cu matrix uniformly, and TiC particles and Cu matrix connect well. The density and hardness of Cu matrix composites increase with increasing sintering temperature. The hardness of Cu matrix composites increases with increasing the content of TiC particles by mass. Both the relative density and electric conductivity decline as the content of TiC particles increasing. Wear rate firstly decreases and then increases with increasing the content of TiC particles. The best wear resistance of composites is obtained when the content of TiC particles is 15% by mass. The friction coefficient of Cu matrix composites is significantly lower than that of pure copper. The main wear mechanism of Cu matrix composites is particle wear.
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Key words:
- Cu matrix composites /
- TiC particle /
- wear rate /
- friction coefficient /
- electric conductivity
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图 1 添加不同质量分数TiC颗粒增强铜基复合材料的显微组织: (a) 5%; (b) 15%
Figure 1. Microstructures of TiC particle-reinforced Cu matrix composites in different contents of TiC particles by mass: (a) 5%; (b) 15%
图 2 TiC质量分数为15%时不同烧结温度铜基复合材料的密度和硬度变化曲线
Figure 2. Density and hardness curves of Cu matrix composites reinforced by 15%TiC particles by mass at different sintering temperatures
图 3 添加不同质量分数TiC的铜基复合材料的相对密度和硬度变化曲线
Figure 3. Relative density and hardness curves of Cu matrix composites reinforced by different contents of TiC particles by mass
图 4 TiC质量分数对铜基复合材料电导率的影响
Figure 4. Effect of TiC particle contents by mass on electric conductivity of Cu matrix composites
图 5 TiC质量分数对铜基复合材料磨损率(a)和摩擦系数(b)的影响
Figure 5. Effect of TiC particle contents by mass on wear rate (a) and friction coefficient (b) of Cu matrix composites
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