Preparation and properties of porous layer in copper based high flux heat transfer tube
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摘要: 烧结型高通量换热管是通过在普通换热管内表面烧结一定厚度的多孔金属层达到强化沸腾传热的效果，多孔层的烧结温度对基管性能不能有损伤，同时要求多孔层本身孔隙连通，与基管结合较好，且耐蚀性与基管相当。本文设计了一种适用于铁白铜基管（BFe10-1-1）的管内多孔层烧结合金粉末Cu-10% Ni-20% Zn-2% Sn（质量分数），该粉末成分耐蚀性优于基管。烧结实验结果表明，该合金粉末在940℃下烧结时对基管性能无损伤，烧结后与基管结合良好，同时粉末多孔层内部孔隙均匀联通；进一步的应用实验也证明，该多孔层合金粉末具有非常好的传热效果。Abstract: The sintered high flux heat transfer tube shows the effect of strengthening boiling heat transfer by sintering the porous metal layer with a certain thickness on the inner surface of ordinary heat transfer tube. It is required that the sintering temperature of porous layer cannot damage the base tube properties, the pores in porous layer should be connected and well bonded to the base tube, and the corrosion resistance of porous layer should be similar with that of base tube. A novel alloy powder was designed as Cu-10%Ni-20%Zn-2%Sn by mass in this paper, which is suitable for sintering the inside porous layer used in copper based high flux heat transfer tube (BFe10-1-1), the corrosion resistance of this alloy powder was higher than that of the base tube. The sintering experiment results show that, sintering this alloy powder at 940℃ has no damage to the base tube properties, and the inside porous layer sintered by this alloy powder shows a good bond with the base tube. Meanwhile, the internal pores in porous layer are uniformly connected. Further application experiments also demonstrate that the alloy powder used for porous layer in this paper has an excellent effect on the heat transfer.
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Key words:
- high flux /
- heat transfer tube /
- copper based powders /
- porous layer /
- sintering temperature
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图 1 烧结温度对铁白铜管晶粒形貌的影响：（a）未烧结；（b）940 ℃；（c）995 ℃；（d）进口管
Figure 1. Effect of sintering temperatures on grain morphology of BFe10-1-1 based tubes: (a) unsintered based tube; (b) 940 ℃; (c) 995 ℃; (d) inlet based tube
图 2 不同材料极化曲线（实验介质50%乙二醇）
Figure 2. Polarization curves of different materials in 50% glycol solution by volume
图 3 不同烧结温度下合金管内多孔层显微形貌：（a）900 ℃横截面；（b）900 ℃表面；（c）940 ℃横截面；（d）940 ℃表面
Figure 3. Microstructures of porous layer in alloy tube sintered at different temperatures: (a) cross section morphology at 900 ℃; (b) surface morphology at 900 ℃; (c) cross section morphology at 940 ℃; (d) surface morphology at 940 ℃
图 4 不同温度烧结后合金管压扁和拉伸实验形貌：（a）900 ℃烧结后压扁；（b）940 ℃烧结后压扁；（c）940 ℃烧结后拉伸
Figure 4. Morphology of alloy tubes in flattening and tensile test sintered at different temperatures: (a) flattening test after sintered at 900 ℃; (b) flattening test after sintered at 940 ℃; (c) tensile test after sintered at 940 ℃
图 5 内壁涂覆烧结多孔层铁白铜管与光滑原始基管在乙二醇溶液中的综合传热性能对比：（a）体积分数30%乙二醇溶液；（b）体积分数50%乙二醇溶液
Figure 5. Comprehensive heat transfer performance between sintered porous tube and smooth primordial tube in glycol solution: (a) 30% glycol solution by volume; (b) 50% glycol solution by volume
表 1 实验用铁白铜管（BFe10-1-1）力学性能标准
Table 1. Mechanical properties of BFe10-1-1 tube for heat exchangers
标准 材质 状态 力学性能 晶粒度/ μm 抗拉强度/ MPa 屈服强度/ MPa 延伸率/ % GB/T 8890–2015 BFe10-1-1
（CuNi10Mn1Fe1）Y2
（半硬态）345 — 10 10~50 
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表 2 烧结温度对基管晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响
Table 2. Effect of sintering temperature on grain size and mechanical properties of based tube
烧结温度/ ℃ 平均晶粒尺寸/ μm 抗拉强度/ MPa 延伸率/ % 屈服强度/ MPa 半硬态原始管 晶粒严重变形，无法测量 366 22.0 171 900 20.0 380 22.0 171 940 22.5 381 21.5 173 960 48.0 364 19.3 164 970 55.0 350 17.5 160 995 63.4 340 16.0 155 国外进口成品烧结管 440.0 无法测量 无法测量 无法测量 GB/T 8890–2015 10.0~50.0 345 10.0 —
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表 3 致密块状或片状材料的耐蚀性比较
Table 3. Corrosion resistance comparison of different materials as compact block or flake
试样 材质 腐蚀电流/ A 强弱 合金块 Cu–10%Ni–20%Zn–2%Sn 1.271× 10-6 1 原始基管 BFe10-1-1 8.603× 10-6 3 烧后基管 BFe10-1-1 2.618× 10-6 2 进口管
（对比试样）Cu–10%Ni 4.199× 10-5 4
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