Effect of rare earth Ce on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Al2O3 composites
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摘要: 采用机械合金化与放电等离子烧结的方法制备了不同质量分数的Cu-Al2O3-Ce复合材料，研究了稀土元素Ce对Cu-Al2O3复合材料显微组织形貌及硬度、抗拉强度、导电率、摩擦磨损等物理性能的影响。结果表明：Cu-Al2O3-Ce复合材料中的陶瓷颗粒更加均匀弥散的分布在基体中；加入稀土元素Ce后的Cu-Al2O3-Ce复合材料硬度为HV 108.2、拉伸强度为301 MPa、断面伸长率为19.6%、导电率为54.51 MS·m-1，与Cu-Al2O3相比有明显提升；Cu-Al2O3的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损，Cu-Al2O3-Ce主要为黏着磨损，当摩擦速率较大时，Cu-Al2O3-Ce的摩擦系数和体积磨损率更小，耐磨性能优于Cu-Al2O3。Abstract: The Cu-Al2O3-Ce composites doped with rare earth Ce in different mass fractions were fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The effect of Ce content on the microstructure and physical properties of Cu-Al2O3 composites were studied. The results show that, the ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed in Cu-Al2O3-Ce composites. Compared with Cu-Al2O3 composites, the Cu-Al2O3-Ce composites performances are significantly improved, having the hardness of HV 108.2, the tensile strength of 301 MPa, the elongation of 19.6%, and the conductivity of 54.51 MS·m-1. The wear mechanism of Cu-Al2O3 and Cu-Al2O3-Ce is abrasive wear and adhesive wear, respectively. Compared with Cu-Al2O3 composites, Cu-Al2O3-Ce composites have the smaller friction coefficient and volume abrasion rate at high friction rate. Thus, the wear resistance of Cu-Al2O3-Ce composites is highly improved by doped with rare earth Ce.
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Key words:
- composite materials /
- rare earth /
- microstructure /
- physical properties
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图 1 Cu–Al2O3和Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce复合材料扫描电子显微形貌：（a）Cu–Al2O3；（b）Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce
Figure 1. SEM images of Cu–Al2O3 and Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce composites: (a) Cu–Al2O3; (b) Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce
图 2 Cu–Al2O3和Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce复合材料背散射SEM形貌：（a）Cu–Al2O3；（b）Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce
Figure 2. Backscattered electron images of Cu–Al2O3 and Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce composites: (a) Cu–Al2O3; (b) Cu–Al2O3– 0.02%Ce
图 3 摩擦速率对Cu–Al2O3和Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce复合材料摩擦系数的影响
Figure 3. Effect of friction speed on the friction coefficient of Cu–Al2O3 and Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce composites
图 4 Cu–Al2O3（a）和Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce（b）复合材料的磨痕形貌和元素分布
Figure 4. Wearing surface and element distribution of Cu–Al2O3 (a) and Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce (b) composites
图 5 摩擦速率对Cu–Al2O3和Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce复合材料磨损量的影响
Figure 5. Effect of friction speed on the wear rate of Cu–Al2O3 and Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce composites
表 1 添加不同质量分数Ce的Cu–Al2O3复合材料力学性能
Table 1. Mechanical properties of Cu–Al2O3 composites doped with rare earth Ce in different mass fractions
材料 硬度，HV 抗拉强度/ MPa 断面伸长率/ % 电导率/ (MS·m-1) Cu–Al2O3 101.8 264 10.6 48.37 Cu–Al2O3–0.01%Ce 108.2 301 19.6 54.51 Cu–Al2O3–0.02%Ce 111.6 306 17.7 53.61 Cu–Al2O3–0.03%Ce 113.6 307 16.1 53.22 
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