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摘要: 钛及钛合金具有高比强度、低弹性模量、优良的耐蚀性和绝佳的生物相容性，但较差的加工性能大大限制了其应用范围。钛及钛合金金属粉末注射成形工艺克服了机加工、模压等传统加工工艺的缺点，结合传统粉末冶金和注塑成型的优势，实现了结构复杂的钛及钛合金产品低成本、大批量近净成形，提高了材料利用率。本文利用水溶性黏结剂和粉末粒度为16 μm和22 μm的商用球形Ti6Al4V合金粉制备了注射料和相应的试样，通过实验确定了气氛热脱黏结合真空烧结的最佳工艺，基于该工艺制备得到了两种注射料的烧结试样。结果表明：粉末粒度为16 μm注射料烧结件杂质含量未能满足外科植入用金属注射成形Ti6Al4V组件标准；粉末粒度为22 μm注射料烧结件物理化学性能如下，极限拉伸强度880 MPa，屈服强度830 MPa，延伸率13.2%，相对密度96.8%，氧质量分数为0.195%，氮质量分数为0.020%，碳质量分数为0.022%，该试样整体性能满足外科植入用金属注射成形Ti6Al4V组件标准。Abstract: Titanium and titanium alloys show the fantastic performances because of the high specific strength, low elastic modulus, good corrosion resistance, and excellent bio-compatibility. However, the application of titanium and titanium alloys is restricted due to the poor machinability. By integrating the advantages of traditional powder metallurgy and plastic injection molding technology, the metal injection molding (MIM) of titanium and titanium alloys overcomes the disadvantages of traditional machining and molding process. The parts of titanium and titanium alloys in complex structures are near net-shape manufactured by MIM in low-cost mass production, which increases the material utilization ratio. In this paper, the water soluble binder and spherical Ti6Al4V powders with particle size of 16 μm and 22 μm were employed to prepare the feedstock and specimens. An optimum process of atmosphere thermal debinding combined with vacuum sintering was determined by a series of experiments. In the results, the specimens with particle size of 16 μm fail to meet the surgical implant requirements for titanium and titanium alloys. In contrasts, the specimens with particle size of 22 μm demonstrate the properties as the relative density of 96.8%, ultimate tensile strength of 880 MPa, yield strength of 830 MPa, plastic elongation of 13.2%, oxygen mass fraction of 0.195%, nitrogen mass fraction of 0.020%, carbon mass fraction of 0.022%, meeting the surgical implant requirements for titanium and titanium alloys.
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图 1 Ti6Al4V粉末颗粒微观形貌：（a）D50 = 16 μm（P1粉）；（b）D50 = 22 μm（P2粉）
Figure 1. Microstructure morphology of Ti6Al4V powder particles: (a) D50 = 16 μm (P1); (b) D50 = 22 μm(P2)
图 3 注射料剪切速率–剪切黏度曲线
Figure 3. Relationship curves of viscosity and shear rate of M1 and M2 at different injection temperatures
图 5 注射成形试样生坯和热脱黏后显微组织形貌：（a）M1生坯；（b）M1热脱黏；（c）M2生坯；（d）M2热脱黏
Figure 5. Microstructures of MIM samples: (a) green part of M1; (b) thermal debinding part of M1; (c) green part of M2;(d) thermal debinding part of M2
表 1 试样S1~S4工艺条件、杂质元素质量分数及相对密度测试结果
Table 1. Process conditions, chemical composition of impurity by mass, and relative density of samples S1~S4
试样编号 工艺条件 杂质元素质量分数/ % 相对密度/ % 热脱黏 烧结 O N C S1 真空 真空 0.226 0.035 0.042 96.2 S2 氩气氛 氩气氛 0.210 0.030 0.025 95.8 S3 氩气氛 真空 0.195 0.020 0.022 97.2 S4 真空 氩气氛 0.230 0.040 0.050 95.7 
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表 2 烧结件化学成分与力学性能
Table 2. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of sintered samples
试样 化学成分（质量分数）/ % 极限拉伸强度/ MPa 屈服强度/ MPa 延伸率/ % 相对密度/ % O N Fe C H M1料烧结件 0.210 0.032 0.215 0.030 0.0008 900 867 12.0 97.6 M2料烧结件 0.195 0.020 0.200 0.022 0.0010 880 830 13.2 96.8 ASTM F2885–11 0.200 0.050 0.300 0.080 0.0150 780 680 10.0 96.0
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