Effects of FeCrBSi pre-alloyed powder on sintering properties of 316L stainless steel by metal injection molding
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摘要: 研究了添加不同质量分数FeCrBSi铁基预合金粉末（FeCrBSi）作为烧结助剂对金属注射成形316L不锈钢（316L）烧结性能的影响，通过电子密度计、金相显微镜及洛氏硬度计等仪器分析讨论了烧结制品的烧结密度、金相显微组织及硬度等性能。结果表明：在1360℃烧结时，FeCrBSi与316L形成了超固相线液相烧结，液相的增加有利于烧结致密化，烧结密度随着FeCrBSi质量分数的增加而升高，孔隙度逐渐降低。当FeCrBSi质量分数为3%~5%时，烧结密度达到7.81~7.87 g·cm-3；当FeCrBSi质量分数增至7%时，烧结出现变形。制品硬度随相对密度的上升而提高，在FeCrBSi质量分数为3%时达到最大值（HRB 75），此时力学性能亦表现优异。Abstract: Effect of FeCrBSi Fe-based pre-alloyed powder (FeCrBSi) content by mass as sintering additive on sintering properties of 316L stainless steel (316L) by metal injection molding (MIM) was studied. The sintered density, metallurgical microstructures, and hardness of the sintered products were investigated by electronic densitometer, metallurgical microscope, and Rockwell hardometer, respectively. The results indicate that, the supersolidus liquid phase sintering is formed by FeCrBSi and 316L sintered at 1360℃, and the increase in liquid phase is beneficial to the sintering densification. The sintered density is increased with the rise of FeCrBSi mass fraction, and the porosity decreases in contrast. The sintered density is up to 7.81~7.87 g·cm-3 when the FeCrBSi mass fraction is 3%~5%; whereas, the deformation is emerged when the FeCrBSi mass fraction increases to 7%. Hardness is improved with the increased relative density. The maximum hardness is reached as HRB 75, when the mass fraction of FeCrBSi is 3%, and the mechanical properties are also excellent at this time.
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Key words:
- metal injection molding /
- sintering additive /
- FeCrBSi /
- liquid phase sintering
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图 1 粉末表面显微形貌：（a）316L；（b）FeCrBSi
Figure 1. Surface morphology of powders: (a) 316L; (b) FeCrBSi
图 2 添加不同质量分数FeCrBSi对MIM 316L烧结密度和孔隙度的影响
Figure 2. Effects of FeCrBSi mass fraction on sintered density and porosity of MIM 316L
图 3 添加不同质量分数FeCrBSi的316L烧结试样显微组织：（a）0；（b）1%；（c）3%；（d）5%；（e）7%
Figure 3. Microstructures of sintered 316L added by different mass fraction FeCrBSi: (a) 0; (b) 1%; (c) 3%; (d) 5%; (e) 7%
图 4 不锈钢与预合金粉末的超固相线液相烧结[12]
Figure 4. Supersolids liquid phase sintering of stainless steel and pre-alloyed powders
图 5 添加质量分数5%FeCrBSi的316L烧结试样晶界处微观组织
Figure 5. Grain boundary microstructures of sintered 316L specimens added with 5% FeCrBSi by mass
图 6 添加不同质量分数FeCrBSi对316L烧结硬度的影响
Figure 6. Effect of FeCrBSi mass fraction on the sintered 316L hardness
表 1 316L与FeCrBSi粉末物理性能
Table 1. Physical properties of 316L and FeCrBSi powders
粉末 粒径分布/ μm 平均粒径/ μm 振实密度/ (g·cm-3) 氧质量分数/ ×10-6 D10 D50 D90 316L粉末 2.712 9.277 24.51 11.85 4.76 3038 FeCrBSi预合金粉末 7.450 16.74 27.45 17.10 5.10 835 
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表 2 添加质量分数5%FeCrBSi的316L烧结试样晶界处成分
Table 2. Chemical composition at grain boundary of sintered 316L specimens added with 5% FeCrBSi by mass
位置 Si Cr Mn Fe Ni Mo 位置1 0.00 29.39 11.27 9.74 1.44 48.16 位置2 0.09 23.96 — 38.77 5.22 31.96 位置3 0.41 15.75 — 68.91 13.18 1.76 位置4 — 38.87 — 33.62 3.20 24.31
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表 3 添加不同质量分数FeCrBSi的316L烧结件力学性能及耐腐蚀性
Table 3. Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of sintered 316L parts added by FeCrBSi in different mass fractions
FeCrBSi质量分数/ % 屈服强度，Rp0.2 / (N·mm-2) 抗拉强度，Rm / (N·mm-2) 断后伸长率，A / % 耐腐蚀性时间/ h MPIF 140 455 40 48 0 151 397 43 196 1 199 515 52 202 3 204 559 64.5 216 5 193 505 55 228 7 — — — 72
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