Study on microstructures and properties of high boron aluminum alloy prepared by powder metallurgy combined with hot rolling
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摘要: 采用粉末冶金结合热轧成形工艺制备含硼质量分数为7%与12%的中子屏蔽用高硼铝合金（Al-7% B与Al-12% B），并对不同工艺条件下铝硼合金的组织与性能进行研究。结果表明：在机械球磨5 min+放电等离子烧结条件下，Al-7% B合金中AlB2体积分数高于Al-12% B合金，且分布更加均匀。放电等离子烧结后进行热轧有利于提高试样的相对密度，减少硼粉团聚。在450℃固溶处理2 h，Al-7% B合金试样的拉伸强度和屈服强度达到峰值，分别为145.7 MPa和99.4 MPa。由10B面密度理论计算结果可知，厚度相近时，热轧后高硼铝合金10B面密度均可达到BoralTM水平。Abstract: High boron aluminum alloys for neutron shielding (Al-7%B and Al-12%B alloys by mass) were fabricated by powder metallurgy combined with hot rolling. The microstructures and properties of high boron aluminum alloys were investigated in different process conditions. In the results, the volume fraction of AlB2 particles in Al-7%B alloy compacts sintered by spark plasma sintering after ball milling for 5 min is higher than that of Al-12%B alloy, and the distribution of AlB2 particles shows more uniformly in Al-7%B alloy compacts. The hot rolling after spark plasma sintering is beneficial to increase the relative densities of compacts and decrease the agglomerations of boron powder in samples. The tensile and yield strengths of Al-7%B alloy quenched at 450℃ for 2 h reach 145.7 MPa and 99.4 MPa, respectively. According to the theoretical calculations, the areal densities of the hot rolled aluminum boron alloys reach the level of BoralTM.
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Key words:
- powder metallurgy /
- hot rolling /
- solution treatment /
- aluminum boron alloy
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图 1 烧结体试样激光扫描组织形貌：（a）Al–7%B；（b）Al–12%B
Figure 1. Laser scanning microstructures of sintered compacts: (a) Al–7%B; (b) Al–12%B
图 2 Al–7%B烧结试样显微组织：（a）激光显微组织形貌；（b）3D显微组织形貌
Figure 2. Microstructures of the sintered Al–7%B compacts: (a) laser scanning image; (b) 3D image
图 3 Al–12%B烧结试样显微组织：（a）激光显微组织形貌；（b）3D显微组织形貌
Figure 3. Microstructures of the sintered Al–12%B compacts: (a) laser scanning image; (b) 3D image
图 4 Al–7%B烧结试样微观结构：（a）扫描电子显微形貌；（b）能谱成分面扫描结果
Figure 4. Microstructures of the sintered Al–7%B alloys: (a) SEM; (b) surface scanning in EDS
图 5 Al–12%B烧结试样微观结构：（a）电子扫描显微形貌；（b）能谱成分面扫描结果
Figure 5. Microstructures of the sintered Al–12%B alloys: (a) SEM; (b) surface scanning in EDS
图 6 烧结试样X射线衍射图谱：（a）Al–7%B；（b）Al–12%B
Figure 6. XRD patterns of the sintered specimens: (a) Al–7%B; (b) Al–12%B
图 7 Al–7%B热轧试样显微组织：（a）激光显微组织形貌；（b）3D显微组织形貌
Figure 7. Microstructures of the hot–rolled Al–7%B compacts: (a) laser scanning image; (b) 3D image
图 8 Al–12%B热轧试样显微组织：（a）激光显微组织形貌；（b）3D显微组织形貌
Figure 8. Microstructures of the hot–rolled Al–12%B compacts: (a) laser scanning image; (b) 3D image
图 9 高硼铝合金固溶组织激光显微图片：（a）Al–7%B；（b）Al–12%B
Figure 9. Laser scanning microstructures of solution treated specimens: (a) Al–7%B; (b) Al–12%B
表 1 铝合金粉末与烧结体物理性能
Table 1. Physical properties of powders and sintered Al alloy specimens
试样 厚度/ cm 密度/ (g·cm-3) 相对密度/ % 含氧质量分数/ % Al–7%B粉末 — — — 1.92 Al–7%B烧结体 0.415 2.268 85.29 1.47 Al–12%B粉末 — — — 1.79 Al–12%B烧结体 0.415 2.261 85.31 1.35 BoralTM 0.300 2.520 93.00 — 
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表 2 纯铝与高硼铝合金的力学性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of pure Al and high boron aluminum alloys
试样 拉伸强度/ MPa 屈服强度/ MPa 伸长率/ % 纯Al 55.8±2.1 15.6±2.2 24.3±0.9 烧结Al–7%B 79.6±3.8 32.5±2.6 7.8±0.6 热轧Al–7%B 99.9±3.2 60.6±3.0 6.7±0.7 热处理Al–7%B 145.7±4.1 99.4±3.9 3.7±0.8 烧结Al–12%B 36.4±2.7 18.5±2.3 9.3±0.6 热轧Al–12%B 41.6±2.4 24.7±2.0 11.1±0.7 热处理Al–12%B 47.4±2.3 31.2±2.6 8.4±0.8 BoralTM 68.4 — 0.1
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表 3 铝合金面密度
Table 3. Areal densities of aluminum alloys (10B)
试样 厚度/ cm 面密度/ (g·cm–2) 热轧Al–7%B 0.202 0.06 热轧Al–12%B 0.185 0.10 BoralTM 0.178~1.12 0.005~0.120
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