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摘要: 针对钕铁硼(Nd-Fe-B) 生产企业配料时出现的问题, 研制了一种适用于钕铁硼粉末在密闭气保环境下的自动配料设备。在原有CJ2000钕铁硼粉末自动称量机的基础上, 应用TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch) 理论中的功能分析、裁剪原理、物场模型、标准解并结合钕铁合金粉末硼配料工艺、用户需求对设备的关键部件进行了设计。在原料桶至给料器之间设计了新的料位检测及防护部件, 该部件能够可靠地完成胶管内部料位检测的功能, 同时防护罩能够在胶管意外破裂后起到一定的保护作用, 为操作人员争取时间, 防止事故的进一步扩大。秤斗进料口及出料口出均设有快装接头, 可与软连接相连, 确保其在密闭状态下完成物料的称量, 在秤斗的侧壁上设有振动电机, 可有效清除秤斗内部的残余物料。采用自同步原理设计的GZG103管状密闭给料器, 该给料器不但能够实现物料的定量供送, 同时能够完成给料器内部残余物料的清理, 便于下一批次产品的配料。经过对样机的试验考核, 对单支200 kg物料的称量, 其生产率可达20次/h, 精度等级达到X (0.2) 级。当给料器完成内部物料的自清理后, 其物料残留量小于1 g。该设备是针对钕铁硼粉末的配料进行研发的, 但对于其它易氧化合金粉末的分料和配料, 也具有一定的应用价值。Abstract: To solve the problems in batching process of neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) powders manufacturing, a novel automatic batching equipment was developed, allowing the batching process to be operated under a sealed environment filled in protective gas. Based on the original design of CJ2000 Nd-Fe-B automatic weighing machine, a number of key components were redesigned in batching process of Nd-Fe-B powders according to the Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch (TRIZ) theory, including functional analysis, trimming, substance-field analysis, and standard solution. A new component used for material level detection and protection was designed and placed between the raw material tank and the feeder, which had a dual function as a detector of material level inside the hose and protective cover in the accident of hose rupture, providing the adequate evacuation time for the operators to minimize the damage from potential accident. Quick-fit connectors were attached to the hopper inlet and outlet, which were connected to the soft connection device to ensure the materials to be weighed under the closed conditions. A vibrating motor was mounted on the side wall of hopper to effectively remove the residual materials. The GZG103 tubular airtight feeder designed based on the self-synchronizing principle could not only enable the quantitative feeding of materials, but also clean up the residual materials in the feeders for the next products batch. Experimental results of the prototype indicate that, for the single measurement of 200-kg material, a productivity of 20 times/h and a precision grade X (0.2) can be obtained, respectively. In addition, the residue amount of materials inside the feed is less than 1 g upon the completion of self-cleaning process. Although this equipment is developed for the batching process of Nd-Fe-B powders, it has the potential applications for processing a broad range of materials and ingredients under the anti-oxidation environment.
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图 4 软连接、检测及防护装置
Figure 4. Devices of soft connection, material level detection, and protection
表 1 钕铁硼粉末物料特性
Table 1. Materials characteristics of Nd-Fe-B powders
物料名称 松装密度/(g·cm-3) 粒径/μm 称量规格/kg 钕铁硼细粉 ~1.8 2~5 10~200 
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表 2 现场条件
Table 2. Field conditions
项目 原料桶 集料桶 压缩空气 压缩氮气 参数 内装原料0~230kg 可装配好粉料500kg 0.6MPa 0.6MPa 接口：DN100 接口：DN100 设备充氮引入压力0.04MPa 设备充氮引入压力0.04MPa
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表 3 单一产品化学成分
Table 3. Chemical composition of the single product
产品编号 产品质量分数/% 粉A 粉B 粉C 1 62 24 14 2 76 24 ― 3 59 41 ― 4 32 30 38
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表 4 单台配粉机技术规格
Table 4. Technical specifications of the single powder blending machine
项目 称量规格/kg 200kg时称量速度/(min·次-1) 动态误差/% 参数 5~200 ＞10 ±1
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表 5 第2.1子类包含的标准解
Table 5. Standard solutions included in Subclasses 2.1
子类 标准解法 S2.1转化成复杂的物场模型 S2.1.1链式物场模型 S2.1.2双物场模型
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表 6 第2.3子类包含的标准解
Table 6. Standard solutions included in Subclasses 2.1
子类 标准解法 S2.3频率的协调 S2.3.1协调F与S1或S2的频率 S2.3.2协调F1与F2的频率 S2.3.3在一个动作的间隙进行另一个动作
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表 7 GZG103给料器试验性能
Table 7. Performance of GZG103 feeder
项目 振幅/mm 噪音/dB 最大给料量/(g·s-1) 残余物料/g 参数 2.25~1.80 ＜80 2132.7 ＜1 (15~50Hz) (50Hz)
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表 8 CJ200K钕铁硼单台配料器机技术参数
Table 8. Technical parameters of CJ200K Nd-Fe-B single batching machine
项目 称量规格/kg 生产率/(次·h-1) 准确度等级 参数 5~200 20(200kg) X(0.2)
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