Preparation of FeCuNiSnCo powder by mechanical alloying and the research on physical properties of its matrix material
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摘要: 采用机械合金化法制备了Fe基预合金粉（FeCuNiSnCo粉末），通过热压烧结制备胎体材料，对制备的Fe基预合金粉末及其胎体性能进行表征，利用正交实验研究了球料比、球磨转速、液固比、球磨时间等对粉末松装密度和胎体材料硬度、抗弯强度的影响，确定最优工艺，并对胎体材料显微组织进行观察。结果表明：在球磨过程中，粉末颗粒经过重组、变形、破碎和合金化，粉末形貌发生了改变，影响了粉末松装密度；球磨转速和球料比是影响胎体材料硬度和强度的主要因素；综合分析最佳工艺参数为：球磨时间6 h，球磨转速400 r·min-1，球料比4：1，液固比0.5：1.0。Abstract: Fe-based pre-alloyed powders (FeCuNiSnCo powders) were prepared by mechanical alloying and the matrix material was prepared by hot-pressing sintering. The mechanical properties and microstructures of pre-alloyed powders and the matrix were characterized to determine the optimal process. The effects of ball-to-powder mass ratio, ball-milling speed, liquid-solid ratio, and ball-milling time on the apparent density of pre-alloyed powders and the hardness and bending strength of the matrix were studied by orthogonal experiment. The results show that, the recombination, deformation, crushing, and alloying of powders occur during the milling process, changing the morphology and density of the powders. The ball-milling speed and ball-to-powder mass ratio are the main factors affecting the hardness and strength of the matrix. The optimum parameters of mechanical alloying are obtained as the ball-milling time is 6 h, the ball-milling speed is 400 r·min-1, the ball-to-powder mass ratio is 4:1, and the liquid-solid ratio is 0.5:1.0.
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Key words:
- mechanical alloying /
- orthogonal experiment /
- pre-alloyed powders /
- matrix /
- physical properties
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图 1 预合金粉末显微形貌：（a）L1；（b）L2；（c）L3；（d）L4；（e）L5；（f）L6；（g）L7；（h）L8；（i）L9
Figure 1. SEM morphology of pre-alloyed powders: (a) L1; (b) L2; (c) L3; (d) L4; (e) L5; (f) L6; (g) L7; (h) L8; (i) L9
图 3 胎体材料的扫描电子显微形貌：（a）L1；（b）L5
Figure 3. SEM morphology of the matrix materials: (a): L1; (b): L5
图 4 胎体材料的断口形貌：（a）L1；（b）L5
Figure 4. Fracture morphology of the matrix materials: (a): L1; (b): L5
表 1 Fe基胎体材料化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the matrix material
% Fe Cu Ni Sn Co 其他 余量 44 2.4 5 2 < 0.5 
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表 2 机械合金化实验参数
Table 2. Experimental factors of mechanical alloying
实验编号 球磨时间/h 球料比 液固比 转速/(r∙min-1) L1 3 1:1 0.5:1.0 100 L2 3 4:1 1.0:1.0 200 L3 3 8:1 2.0:1.0 400 L4 6 1:1 2.0:1.0 200 L5 6 4:1 0.5:1.0 400 L6 6 8:1 1.0:1.0 100 L7 12 1:1 1.0:1.0 400 L8 12 4:1 2.0:1.0 100 L9 12 8:1 0.5:1.0 200
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表 3 预合金粉的粒度与松装密度
Table 3. Particle size and apparent density of the pre-alloyed powders
实验编号 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 粒度(D50)/μm 38.02 41.56 72.78 42.89 33.05 46.56 37 45.26 38.71 松装密度/(g·cm-3) 3.32 3.49 2.18 3.79 3.44 3.53 3.85 3.48 2.75
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表 4 预合金粉末松装密度的极差分析
Table 4. Range analysis of the apparent density
因素 K1 K2 K3 R 球磨时间 3.00 3.59 3.36 0.59 球料比 3.65 3.47 2.82 0.83 液固比 3.17 3.62 3.15 0.47 转速 3.44 3.34 3.16 0.29
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表 5 胎体材料硬度与抗弯强度表
Table 5. Hardness and bending strength of the matrix materials
实验编号 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 硬度, HRB 75.1 82.0 92.2 78.4 88.3 78.7 85.7 77.5 91.6 抗弯强度/MPa 926.7 1067.0 1295.5 991.8 1199.5 967.5 1084.7 1003.0 1225.8
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表 6 胎体硬度与抗弯强度极差分析表
Table 6. Range analysis of the hardness and bending strength of the matrix materials
因素 K1 K2 K3 R 硬度, HRB 球磨时间 83.10 81.80 84.93 3.13 球料比 79.73 82.60 87.50 7.77 液固比 85.00 82.13 82.70 2.87 转速 77.10 84.00 88.73 11.63 抗弯强度/MPa 球磨时间 1096.40 1052.93 1104.50 51.57 球料比 1001.07 1089.83 1162.93 1162.93 液固比 1117.33 1039.73 1096.77 77.60 转速 965.73 1094.87 1193.23 227.50
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