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摘要: 介绍了微波干燥的原理、特点和设备组成，并与传统干燥技术相比较，研究和分析了微波干燥技术在锂离子电池材料生产中的优势。结果表明，经微波干燥处理后，锂离子电池材料的前驱体磁性异物引入量大大降低，分散性好且无团聚现象，与传统干燥前驱体的X射线衍射物相无明显差异，干燥效率提高，一次成品率显著提升。微波干燥技术成功解决了锂离子电池材料磁性异物引入量高、干燥不均匀、分散性差、易团聚等问题，有利于锂离子电池材料的工业化生产。Abstract: The principle, characteristics, and equipment of microwave drying were introduced in this paper. Compared with the traditional drying technology, the advantages of microwave drying used in the precursor preparation of lithium-ion battery materials were studied and analyzed. In the results, the content of magnetic foreign body by mass introduced into the precursor of lithium ion battery material dried by microwave is greatly reduced, the dispersibility is good, and there is no agglomeration phenomenon. Compared with the traditional drying technology, there is no significant difference in phase composition of precursor dried by microwave using X-ray diffraction. The drying efficiency is improved, and the primary yield is significantly increased. Problems in the production of lithium-ion battery materials can be solved by microwave drying technology, such as the introduction of magnetic foreign body, the nonuniform drying, the poor dispersibility, and the aggregation effect, which will benefit the industrial production of lithium-ion battery materials.
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Key words:
- microwave drying /
- lithium-ion battery /
- magnetic foreign body /
- dispersibility /
- drying efficiency
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图 2 微波干燥与烘箱干燥物料宏观形貌：（a）干燥前滤饼；（b）烘箱干燥；（c）微波干燥
Figure 2. Macro-morphology of precursor dried by different drying technology: (a) filter cake before drying; (b) drying in oven; (c) microwave drying
图 3 烘箱干燥（a）和微波干燥前驱体产品（b）扫描电子显微形貌
Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy morphology of precursor products dried in oven (a) and by microwave (b)
图 4 干燥后物料X射线衍图谱：（a）烘箱干燥；（b）微波干燥
Figure 4. X-ray diffraction patterns of precursor dried by different drying technology: (a) drying in oven; (b) microwave drying
表 1 锂离子电池前驱体在不同干燥方式下的磁性异物引入量
Table 1. Contents of magnetic foreign body by mass introduced into the precursor of lithium ion battery material dried by different drying technology
×10-9 序号 磁性异物含量 微波干燥 闪蒸干燥 盘式干燥 1 50 350 879 2 47 780 567 3 60 1200 789 4 48 875 765 5 48 462 408 6 45 769 407 7 45 543 383 8 47 1587 270 9 46 1284 649 10 46 965 523 11 46 387 908 12 49 578 1409 13 50 698 1387 14 47 1089 1076 15 49 490 986 平均 48 804 760 
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表 2 不同干燥方式下锂离子电池前驱体的干燥效率
Table 2. Drying efficiency of the lithium ion battery precursor dried by different drying technology
序号 微波干燥 闪蒸干燥 盘式干燥 烘箱干燥 干燥时间/h 含水率/% 干燥时间/h 含水率/% 干燥时间/h 含水率/% 干燥时间/h 含水率/% 1 1.0 0.23 1.5 0.43 3.0 0.45 15 0.34 2 1.0 0.11 1.5 0.34 3.0 0.43 15 0.45 3 1.0 0.34 1.5 0.28 3.0 0.43 15 0.47 4 1.0 0.28 1.5 0.45 3.0 0.41 15 0.38 5 1.0 0.25 1.5 0.32 3.0 0.41 15 0.36 6 1.0 0.23 1.5 0.35 3.0 0.40 15 0.42 7 1.0 0.26 1.5 0.38 3.0 0.40 15 0.44 8 1.0 0.42 1.5 0.42 3.0 0.39 15 0.45 9 1.0 0.37 1.5 0.42 3.0 0.38 15 0.39 10 1.0 0.08 1.5 0.43 3.0 0.37 15 0.48 11 1.0 0.24 1.5 0.36 3.0 0.36 15 0.42 12 1.0 0.45 1.5 0.38 3.0 0.36 15 0.41 13 1.0 0.32 1.5 0.33 3.0 0.44 15 0.33 14 1.0 0.11 1.5 0.32 3.0 0.45 15 0.35 15 1.0 0.32 1.5 0.45 3.0 0.48 15 0.39 平均 1.0 0.27 1.5 0.38 3.0 0.41 15 0.41
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表 3 不同干燥方式下锂离子电池前驱体产品的一次成品率
Table 3. Product yield of the lithium ion battery precursor dried by different drying technology
序号 微波干燥 闪蒸干燥 盘式干燥 烘箱干燥 筛上物/% 一次成品率/% 筛上物/% 一次成品率/% 筛上物/% 一次成品率/% 筛上物/% 一次成品率/% 1 1.23 98.77 5.67 94.34 4.99 95.01 15.87 84.13 2 2.37 97.63 4.78 95.22 6.87 93.13 14.89 85.11 3 3.04 96.96 6.34 93.66 6.01 93.99 13.88 86.12 4 2.34 97.66 6.21 93.79 5.90 94.10 16.56 83.44 5 3.12 96.88 4.89 95.11 5.34 94.66 14.88 85.12 6 3.05 96.95 6.88 93.22 6.88 93.12 15.04 84.96 7 1.87 98.13 7.21 92.79 7.21 92.79 16.22 83.78 8 1.56 98.44 6.00 94.00 6.66 93.34 15.99 84.01 9 1.43 98.57 5.89 94.11 5.99 94.01 14.67 85.33 10 1.67 98.33 5.84 94.16 7.21 92.89 17.02 82.98 11 2.45 97.55 5.88 94.12 6.78 93.22 16.73 82.27 12 2.34 97.66 7.21 92.79 7.21 92.79 16.22 83.78 13 2.78 97.22 4.99 95.01 7.00 93.00 16.11 83.89 14 3.15 96.85 6.77 93.23 6.88 93.12 14.82 85.18 15 2.56 97.44 5.96 94.04 8.21 91.79 15.55 84.45 平均 2.33 97.67 6.03 93.97 6.61 93.40 15.63 84.30
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