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摘要: 泡沫金属是一种由金属基体和气孔组成的新型结构功能材料，相对于实体金属材料，泡沫金属材料以牺牲了强度等力学性能为代价，获得了诸如热、声、能量吸收、轻质等优越性能，成为一种新型结构功能材料。泡沫铝是一种在铝基体中形成很多气孔的轻质多孔金属材料，同时兼有金属和气泡特征，它密度小、耐高温、防火性能强、抗腐蚀、隔音降噪、导热率低、电磁屏蔽性高、耐候性强、有过滤能力、渗透性好，具有良好的阻尼特性和电磁屏蔽能力，广泛应用在冶金、化工、航空航天、船舶、电子、汽车制造和建筑业等领域。对泡沫铝制备方法和物理性能的研究有利于提高其性能、扩大其应用领域，本文概述了泡沫铝的制备方法、物理性能及增强泡沫铝基复合材料的研究进展。Abstract: Foam metal is a new type of structural functional material, which is composed of metal matrix and pores. Compared with the solid metal materials, foam metal materials obtain some advantages such as heat, sound, energy absorption, and light weight at the expense of mechanical properties such as strength. Aluminum foam is a lightweight porous metal material which contains many pores in the aluminum matrix and combines metal and bubble characteristics. Aluminum foam shows low density, high absorption and shock resistance, high temperature resistance, strong fire resistance, corrosion resistance, noise reduction, low thermal conductivity, high electromagnetic shielding, strong weather resistance, filtration capacity, excellent penetration, damping, and electromagnetic shielding, which is widely used in metallurgy, chemical, aerospace, marine, electronics, automotive manufacturing, and construction industries. The researches on preparation method and physical properties of aluminum foam are important to improve the performances and expand the application fields of aluminum foam. The research progress on preparation and physical properties of foam aluminum and reinforced aluminum foam composites was summarized in this paper.
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Key words:
- aluminum foam /
- composite materials /
- preparation /
- physical properties
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