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摘要: 氮化硅铁是近年来高温材料领域的新型复相材料，主要由氮化硅和硅铁合金组成。自20世纪70年代以来，氮化硅铁作为高炉用炮泥材料取得了良好的使用效果，但其制备成本过高制约了进一步的发展。20世纪90年代，北京科技大学无机非金属结构材料研究室利用闪速燃烧合成技术实现了氮化硅铁高性价比的大规模产业化制备，大大推动了氮化硅铁材料的研究与应用，在铁钩浇注料等领域取得了良好的使用效果。本文介绍了氮化硅铁的制备、结构及性能，分析了闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的工艺原理，总结了氮化硅铁在不同应用环境下的使用性能，以及目前的应用状况，并展望了氮化硅铁材料的研究方向及其潜在的应用领域。Abstract: As a novel multiphase material used in the high temperature material field in recent years, ferrosilicon nitride is mainly composed of silicon nitride and ferrosilicon. Since the 1970s, the ferrosilicon nitride has shown the good performance using as the blast furnace materials, but the excessive preparation cost has greatly restricted its further development. In the 1990s, the industrialized preparation of cost-effective ferrosilicon nitride was realized by flash-combustion synthesis technology developed by the Laboratory of Inorganic Non-Metallic Structural Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, which promoted the research and popularization of ferrosilicon nitride materials. In addition to the taphole clay, the ferrosilicon nitride has also shown the good performance used as castables. The preparation, structure, and properties of ferrosilicon nitride were introduced in this paper, the reaction mechanism of flash-combustion synthesis was analyzed, the performance and application of ferrosilicon nitride in different environments were summarized, and the research direction and potential applications of ferrosilicon nitride materials were prospected.
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图 2 闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁显微结构形貌：（a）致密区域和柱状晶体；（b）高亮铁硅相；（c）六棱柱状Si3N4；（d）致密区域显微形貌
Figure 2. Microstructures of ferrosilicon nitride prepared by flash-combustion: (a) dense regions and columnar crystals; (b) high-brightness Fe3Si phase; (c) hexagonal prismatic Si3N4; (d) microstructures of dense regions
表 1 FeSi75氮化硅铁化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of FeSi75 ferrosilicon nitride by mass
% Si Fe Mg Ca Al Mn P 77.10 19.30 0.14 1.95 1.19 0.14 0.04 
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