Effect analysis of particle crushing by ultrasonic vibration milling device based on extended distinct element method
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摘要: 根据超声振动原理设计了一种高效颗粒超细粉碎装置，在扩展离散元分析软件中对物料在变幅杆高频冲击下的粉碎过程进行仿真模拟，并与实验结果相比较，分析超声频率、粒径大小、颗粒材料对粉碎效率的影响。研究结果表明，随着超声频率的增加，装置粉碎效率先增大后趋于稳定，考虑到系统稳定性，选取38 kHz为最优超声振动频率；装置对粒径为200~500μm的颗粒具有良好的粉碎效果；装置对高强度、高硬度的天然、人工合成材料均有良好的粉碎效果，随着硬度的下降，粉碎效果变优，尤其适用于颗粒内部具有微缺陷和微裂纹的材料；通过对比实验验证了仿真结果的可靠性。Abstract: The high-efficiency ultrafine powder crushing device was designed based on ultrasonic vibration principles. The crushing process of materials by high frequency impact of horn was simulated by the analysis software of extended distinct element method (EMEM). A comparative experiment was designed to analyze the effect of ultrasonic frequency, particle size (diameter), and particle material on the crushing efficiency. The results show that, with the increase of ultrasonic frequency, the crushing efficiency first increases and then tends to stable. Considering the system stability, 38 kHz is selected as the optimal ultrasonic vibration frequency. The device shows a good crushing effect on the particles in the size of 200~500μm. The device has a good crushing effect on the natural and synthetic materials with high strength and high hardness. As the material hardness decreases, the crushing effect of device gets better. It is found that the crushing device is particularly suitable for the materials in micro-defects and micro-cracks. The reliability of simulation is confirmed by the comparative experiment.
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Key words:
- ultrasonic vibration /
- crushing /
- extended distinct element method /
- ultrafine powders
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图 4 用超声粉碎装置粉碎颗粒仿真过程图：（a）进料；（b）颗粒替换；（c）颗粒粉碎；（d）粉碎完成
Figure 4. Simulation diagram of particle crushing by ultrasonic vibration milling device: (a) feed; (b) particle replacement; (c) particle comminution; (d) crushing completed
图 5 不同超声频率下黏结键存留数随时间变化关系
Figure 5. Relationship of remaining bonding numbers and time in different ultrasonic frequency
图 7 不同颗粒材料下黏结键存留数随时间变化关系
Figure 7. Relationship of remaining bonding numbers and time in different particle materials
图 8 实验用超声振动粉碎装置图
Figure 8. Diagram of ultrasonic vibration milling device used in experiment
图 9 硅砂颗粒粒度分布：（a）粉碎前；（b）粉碎后
Figure 9. Particle size distribution of silica materials: (a) before crushing; (b) after crushing
表 1 实验材料及参数
Table 1. Experimental materials and parameters
材料 泊松比 弹性模量/GPa 密度/(kg·m‒3) 与硅砂接触属性 弹性恢复系数 静摩擦系数 动摩擦系数 硅砂 0.2 55 2790 0.5 0.4 0.05 钢 0.3 200 7800 0.3 0.3 0.01 
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表 2 颗粒材料参数
Table 2. Particle material parameters
颗粒材料 莫氏硬度 泊松比 密度/(kg·m‒3) 弹性模量/GPa 石墨 1.2 0.42 1200 6.0 煤 4.0 0.50 1400 3.5 硅砂 7.0 0.20 2790 55.0 棕刚玉 9.0 0.23 3950 363.0 金刚石 10.0 0.15 3500 800.0
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