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3D打印金属材料中孔隙率的影响因素和改善方法

倪晓晴,  孔德成,  温莹,  董超芳,  张亮,  卢林,  宋佳,  吴文恒

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文章导航 > 粉末冶金技术  > 2019 >  37(3): 163-169,183
倪晓晴, 孔德成, 温莹, 董超芳, 张亮, 卢林, 宋佳, 吴文恒. 3D打印金属材料中孔隙率的影响因素和改善方法[J]. 粉末冶金技术, 2019, 37(3): 163-169,183. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2019.03.001
引用本文: 倪晓晴, 孔德成, 温莹, 董超芳, 张亮, 卢林, 宋佳, 吴文恒. 3D打印金属材料中孔隙率的影响因素和改善方法[J]. 粉末冶金技术, 2019, 37(3): 163-169,183. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2019.03.001
shu
NI Xiao-qing, KONG De-cheng, WEN Ying, DONG Chao-fang, ZHANG Liang, LU Lin, SONG Jia, WU Wen-heng. Influence factors and improvement methods on the porosity of 3D printing metal materials[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2019, 37(3): 163-169,183. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2019.03.001
Citation: NI Xiao-qing, KONG De-cheng, WEN Ying, DONG Chao-fang, ZHANG Liang, LU Lin, SONG Jia, WU Wen-heng. Influence factors and improvement methods on the porosity of 3D printing metal materials[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2019, 37(3): 163-169,183. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2019.03.001
shu

3D打印金属材料中孔隙率的影响因素和改善方法

doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2019.03.001
  • 1.

    上海材料研究所3D打印材料工程技术研究中心, 上海 200437

  • 2.

    北京科技大学新材料技术研究院, 北京 100083

基金项目: 

上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划资助项目 17YF1405400

上海材料研究所技术创新资助项目 18SG-07

工信部2016工业强基工程资助项目 TC160A310/19

详细信息

  • 中图分类号: TG14

Influence factors and improvement methods on the porosity of 3D printing metal materials

  • 1.

    Shanghai Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing Materials, Shanghai Research Institute of Materials, Shanghai 200437, China

  • 2.

    Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

    摘要
  • 摘要: 选区激光熔融技术是精细激光快速成形技术领域中最具发展潜力的金属3D打印技术之一, 但在快速成形过程中的急速加热和快速凝固导致材料出现孔隙、裂纹等缺陷。本文介绍了对选区激光熔融技术制备金属材料孔隙率的影响因素, 包括激光功率、扫描速率、环境气氛、纳米粉末复合掺杂等; 讨论了降低孔隙率的后处理方法, 如热处理、塑性变形等, 旨在研究对3D打印金属材料孔隙率的影响规律, 从而获得性能优良的打印材料。
    Abstract: Selective laser melting is one of the most promising 3D printing technologies in the field of fine laser rapid prototyping.However, the rapid heating and solidification in the printing process result in the defects, such as pores and cracks.To obtain the printing materials with excellent performance, the influence factors on the porosity of 3D printing metal materials prepared by selective laser melting technology were introduced in this paper, including laser power, scanning rate, ambient atmosphere, and nanometer powder composite doping.The subsequent treatments were discussed to reduce the porosity, such as heat treatment and plastic deformation.
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  • 图  1  选区激光熔融成形技术原理图

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of selective laser melting technology

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  2  打印316L不锈钢中孔隙率随激光功率变化图[20]

    Figure  2.  Relationship between the laser powers and the porosity of selective laser melted 316L stainless steels[20]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  3  打印316L不锈钢中孔隙形貌随激光功率变化图:(a) 150 W; (b) 195 W; (c) 215 W[21]

    Figure  3.  Relationship between the laser powers and the pore morphology of selective laser melted 316L stainless steels:(a) 150 W; (b) 195 W; (c) 215 W[21]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  4  打印316L不锈钢中孔隙率随扫描速率变化情况[20]

    Figure  4.  Relationship between the scanning rates and the porosity of selective laser melted 316L stainless steels[20]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  5  打印316L不锈钢中孔隙形貌随扫描速率变化情况:(a) 800 mm·s-1; (b) 1000 mm·s-1; (c) 1500 mm·s-1; (d) 2000 mm·s-1[22]

    Figure  5.  Relationship between the scanning rates and the pore morphology of selective laser melted 316L stainless steels:(a) 800 mm·s-1; (b) 1000 mm·s-1; (c) 1500 mm·s-1; (d) 2000 mm·s-1[22]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  6  打印Ti6Al4V相对密度与能量密度的关系[23]

    Figure  6.  Relationship between the volume energy density and the relative density of the selective laser melted Ti6Al4V[23]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  7  不同气氛环境下激光立体成形的镍基合金试样形貌:(a)氩气; (b)空气[25]

    Figure  7.  Morphology of the laser stereoscopic formed nickel-based alloy in different atmospheres:(a) argon; (b) air[25]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  8  铝合金粉末打印组织形貌:(a)、(c)、(e)未经纳米颗粒修饰; (b)、(d)、(f)经纳米颗粒修饰[26]

    Figure  8.  Microstructures of the printed parts:(a), (c), (e) prepared by unmodified aluminum alloy powders; (b), (d), (f) prepared by nanoparticle-modified aluminum alloy powders[26]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  9  原料粉末微观结构:(a) 316L不锈钢粉末; (b)微米级TiC; (c)纳米级TiC; (d)微米级TiC+球磨316L复合粉末; (e)纳米级TiC+球磨316L复合粉末[27]

    Figure  9.  Microstructures of raw powders:(a) 316L stainless steel powders; (b) TiC micron-powders; (c) TiC nano-powders; (d) composite powders of TiC micron-powders and ball-milled 316L powders; (e) composite powders of TiC nano-powders and ball-milled 316L powders[27]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  10  掺杂后选择激光熔融成形零件相对密度[28]

    Figure  10.  Relative density of parts fabricated by laser melt melting after doping[28]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  11  不同热处理工艺下打印不锈钢组织形貌:(a)固溶+热等静压处理; (b)固溶处理[31]

    Figure  11.  Microstructures of the selective laser melted stainless steel after heat treatments:(a) solution annealing and hot isostatic pressing; (b) solution annealing[31]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  12  (a) 直接打印出来的和(b)经1/4圈高压扭转后的316L不锈钢材料孔隙形貌[32]

    Figure  12.  Pore morphology of (a) as-received and (b) 1/4 turn HPT-processed 316L stainless steels[32]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  13  (a) 直接打印出来的和(b)经1/4圈高压扭转后的316L不锈钢材料孔隙尺寸分布[32]

    Figure  13.  Pore size distribution of (a) as-received and (b) 1/4 turn HPT-processed 316L stainless steels[32]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表  1  不同热处理工艺后的打印不锈钢316L孔隙度变化[31]

    Table  1.   Porosity analysis of the selective laser melted 316L stainless steel after different heat treatment processes[31]

    热处理工艺 平均孔隙率/ % 孔隙率误差/ % 平均孔隙尺寸/ μm 孔隙尺寸误差/ μm 最小孔隙尺寸/ μm 最大孔隙尺寸/ μm
    去应力退火 0.19 0.08 3.2 3.5 0.9 36.0
    固溶+热等静压 0.08 0.03 2.8 2.3 0.9 27.1
    固溶处理 0.30 0.50 16.0 14.5 2.9 83.9
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2018-07-16
  • 刊出日期:  2019-06-27

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