Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC-TiB 2 composite coatings on Al matrix by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
-
摘要: 以Ti粉、石墨粉、B4C粉、聚四氟乙烯粉(polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)为原料, 采用反应熔覆技术, 结合自蔓延高温合成与真空消失模鋳造法, 在ZL205A铝合金表面制备出TiC-TiB2复合涂层, 研究了固溶温度对基体和TiC-TiB2涂层显微组织、硬度和热稳定性的影响, 为制备高耐磨性铝合金提供新的研究方向。结果表明: Ti-C-B4C-PTFE体系的绝热温度的远大于1800 K, 自蔓延高温合成反应可自发进行; 通过真空消失模铸造ZL205A铝合金, 引发自蔓延高温合成反应, 在基体表面可形成TiC-TiB 2复合涂层。固溶热处理后TiC-TiB2复合涂层表现出良好的热稳定性, 硬度为HB 285, 20 N载荷作用下的质量损失量为49.7 mg, 相对减少了90%, 大大提高了ZL205A铝合金表面的耐磨性。Abstract: The powders of Ti, C, B4C, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used as the raw materials in this paper. The TiC-TiB2 composite coatings were in-situ synthesized on the surface of ZL205A alloys by reactive cladding technology, combining with self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and vacuum-expendable pattern casting technology. The effect of solution temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and thermal stability of Al matrix and TiC-TiB2 coatings were investigated. The results show that, the adiabatic temperature of Ti-C-B4C-PTFE system is much higher than 1800 K, the SHS reaction can be ignited by the vacuum-expendable pattern casting technology of molten ZL205A alloys, resulting in the formation of TiC-TiB2 composite coatings on the surface of Al matrix. The TiC-TiB2 composite coatings after solution heat treatment show the excellent thermal stability, the hardness of the composite coatings is HB 285, and the mass loss of composite coatings is 49.7 mg at 20 N loading, decreasing by 90%, which indicates that the wear resistance of ZL205A alloys is significantly improved.
-
表 1 基体ZL205A化学成分(质量分数)
Table 1. Chemical composition of ZL205A matrix
% Cu Ti Cd Mn V Al 4.72 0.20 0.22 0.40 0.10 余量 表 2 涂层原料粉末粒度、纯度和成分质量分数
Table 2. Particle size, purity, and mass fraction of coating material powders
元素 粒度/ μm 纯度/ % 质量分数/ % Ti ~45 ≥99.7 72.6 B4C ~5 ≥99.0 19.5 PTFE ~10 ≥99.0 4.0 C ~10 ≥99.5 4.1 表 3 热处理工艺
Table 3. Heat treatment process
试样编号 固溶处理 时效处理 固溶温度/ ℃ 保温时间/ h 冷却介质 冷却温度/ ℃ 时效温度/ ℃ 保温时间/ h 冷却介质 0 铸态,不经固溶处理 1 518 10 水 60 150 8 空气 2 528 10 水 60 150 8 空气 3 538 10 水 60 150 8 空气 4 548 10 水 60 150 8 空气 -
[1] Nakai M, Eto T. New aspects of development of high strength aluminum alloys for aerospace applications. Mater Sci Eng A, 2000, 285(1-2): 62 doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00667-5 [2] Kuo V W C, Starke E A. The development of two texture variants and their effect on the mechanical behavior of a high strength P/M aluminum alloy, X7091. Metall Trans A, 1985, 16(6): 1089 doi: 10.1007/BF02811678 [3] Jia P J, Chen B F. Application of ZL205A high strength and high-quality casting in large aircraft. J Mater Eng, 2009(1): 77 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4381.2009.01.018贾泮江, 陈邦峰. ZL205A合金高强优质铸件在大飞机上的应用. 材料工程, 2009(1): 77 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4381.2009.01.018 [4] Wang S T, Zhao Z X, Tian Q H, et al. Study on heat treatment processing for ZL205A alloy. Hot Working Technol, 2005(5): 39 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3814.2005.05.015王松涛, 赵忠兴, 田庆海, 等. ZL205A合金热处理工艺研究. 热加工工艺, 2005(5): 39 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3814.2005.05.015 [5] Li Y, Zhang G W, Xu H, et al. Study on heat treatment process for ZL205A alloy. Foundry Technol, 2017, 38(1): 68 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZJS201701018.htm李玉, 张国伟, 徐宏, 等. ZL205A合金热处理工艺研究. 铸造技术, 2017, 38(1): 68 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZJS201701018.htm [6] Shi Z Y, Wang D Q, Ding Z M. Surface strengthening pure copper by Ni-B coating. Appl Surf Sci, 2004, 221(1-4): 62 doi: 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00753-0 [7] Bi Y X, Zhao S, Xu X J. WC reinforced Ni-based composite coating prepared by high frequencyinduction heating sintering on the surface of 42CrMo. Powder Metall Technol, 2016, 34(6): 407 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3784.2016.06.002毕雅萱, 赵帅, 许新军. 42CrMo钢表面高频感应熔覆WC增强镍基复合涂层的研究. 粉末冶金技术, 2016, 34(6): 407 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3784.2016.06.002 [8] Wu X, Guo Z M, Yu J P. Wear resistance of WC-12Co coating prepared by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying. Powder Metall Ind, 2014, 24(4): 31 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6543.2014.04.005吴旭, 郭志猛, 于继平. HVOF喷涂WC-12Co涂层及其摩擦磨损性能研究. 粉末冶金工业, 2014, 24(4): 31 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6543.2014.04.005 [9] Tam K F, Cheng F T, Man H C. Cavitation erosion behavior of laser-clad Ni-Cr-Fe-WC on brass. Mater Res Bull, 2002, 37(7): 1341 doi: 10.1016/S0025-5408(02)00766-3 [10] Yuan Z Y, Zhang Z M, Li C S, et al. Microstructures of surface alloying layer prepared by evaporable pattern casting process. Ordn Mater Sci Eng, 2002, 25(4): 36 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BCKG200204009.htm袁中岳, 张忠明, 李朝升, 等. 消失模法铸渗表面合金层组织研究. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2002, 25(4): 36 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BCKG200204009.htm [11] Tsunekawa Y, Okumya M, Gotoh K, et al. Synthesis of iron aluminide matrix in situ composites from elemental powders by reactive low pressure plasma spraying. Mater Sci Eng A, 1992, 159(2): 253 doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(92)90296-D [12] Yan Y W, Wei B K, Lin H T, et al. The present status and developing trends of metal matrix in situ composites (Part I). Spec Cast Nonferrous Alloys, 1998(1): 47 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZZZ801.018.htm严有为, 魏伯康, 林汉同, 等. 金属基原位(In Situ)复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势(上). 特种铸造及有色合金, 1998(1): 47 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TZZZ801.018.htm [13] Rathod S, Modi O P, Prasad B K, et al. Cast in situ Cu-TiC composites: Synthesis by SHS route and characterization. Mater Sci Eng A, 2009, 502(1-2): 91 doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.10.002 [14] Li Y Y, Ni K Y, Zhu F W. Study of TiC particle-reinforced Cu matrix composites. Powder Metall Technol, 2018, 36(2): 106 doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2018.02.005李月英, 倪慨宇, 祝夫文. TiC颗粒增强铜基复合材料的研究. 粉末冶金技术, 2018, 36(2): 106 doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2018.02.005 [15] Gao L, Guo Z M, Chen J, et al. TiC/FeCr reinforced steel matrix surface composites prepared by vacuum evaporative pattern casting (V-EPC) infiltration process. Powder Metall Ind, 2013, 23(3): 43 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FMYG201303013.htm高琳, 郭志猛, 程军, 等. 真空消失模铸渗制备TiC/FeCr增强钢基表面复合材料. 粉末冶金工业, 2013, 23(3): 43 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FMYG201303013.htm [16] Chen J, Gao K W, Guo Z M, et al. Effect of Ti/C ratio on microstructure and performance of in-situ synthesis TiC particles reinforced steel matrix surface composites. Ordn Mater Sci Eng, 2015, 38(3): 19 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BCKG201503007.htm程军, 高克玮, 郭志猛, 等. 钛碳比对原位合成TiCP/钢基表面复合材料组织和性能的影响. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2015, 38(3): 19 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BCKG201503007.htm