Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC-TiB 2 composite coatings on Al matrix by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
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摘要: 以Ti粉、石墨粉、B4C粉、聚四氟乙烯粉(polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)为原料, 采用反应熔覆技术, 结合自蔓延高温合成与真空消失模鋳造法, 在ZL205A铝合金表面制备出TiC-TiB2复合涂层, 研究了固溶温度对基体和TiC-TiB2涂层显微组织、硬度和热稳定性的影响, 为制备高耐磨性铝合金提供新的研究方向。结果表明: Ti-C-B4C-PTFE体系的绝热温度的远大于1800 K, 自蔓延高温合成反应可自发进行; 通过真空消失模铸造ZL205A铝合金, 引发自蔓延高温合成反应, 在基体表面可形成TiC-TiB 2复合涂层。固溶热处理后TiC-TiB2复合涂层表现出良好的热稳定性, 硬度为HB 285, 20 N载荷作用下的质量损失量为49.7 mg, 相对减少了90%, 大大提高了ZL205A铝合金表面的耐磨性。Abstract: The powders of Ti, C, B4C, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used as the raw materials in this paper. The TiC-TiB2 composite coatings were in-situ synthesized on the surface of ZL205A alloys by reactive cladding technology, combining with self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and vacuum-expendable pattern casting technology. The effect of solution temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and thermal stability of Al matrix and TiC-TiB2 coatings were investigated. The results show that, the adiabatic temperature of Ti-C-B4C-PTFE system is much higher than 1800 K, the SHS reaction can be ignited by the vacuum-expendable pattern casting technology of molten ZL205A alloys, resulting in the formation of TiC-TiB2 composite coatings on the surface of Al matrix. The TiC-TiB2 composite coatings after solution heat treatment show the excellent thermal stability, the hardness of the composite coatings is HB 285, and the mass loss of composite coatings is 49.7 mg at 20 N loading, decreasing by 90%, which indicates that the wear resistance of ZL205A alloys is significantly improved.
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图 1 Ti–C–B4C–PTFE体系绝热温度（Tad）与PTFE质量分数关系曲线
Figure 1. Relationship between the adiabatic temperature (Tad) and PTFE content by mass in Ti–C–B4C–PTFE system
图 4 不同固溶温度基体的显微组织：（a）未固溶处理；（b）518 ℃；（c）528 ℃；（d）538 ℃
Figure 4. Microstructures of Al matrix at different solution temperatures: (a) without solution treatment; (b) 518 ℃; (c) 528 ℃; (d) 538 ℃
图 5 不同固溶温度涂层的显微组织：（a）未固溶处理；（b）518 ℃；（c）528 ℃；（d）538 ℃
Figure 5. Microstructures of composite coatings at different solution temperatures: (a) without solution treatment; (b) 518 ℃; (c) 528 ℃; (d) 538 ℃
图 6 2号试样基体与涂层结合的扫描电子显微形貌：（a）低倍照片；（b）高倍照片
Figure 6. SEM images of sample 2 between coating and matrix: (a) low magnification; (b) high magnification
表 1 基体ZL205A化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of ZL205A matrix
% Cu Ti Cd Mn V Al 4.72 0.20 0.22 0.40 0.10 余量 
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表 2 涂层原料粉末粒度、纯度和成分质量分数
Table 2. Particle size, purity, and mass fraction of coating material powders
元素 粒度/ μm 纯度/ % 质量分数/ % Ti ~45 ≥99.7 72.6 B4C ~5 ≥99.0 19.5 PTFE ~10 ≥99.0 4.0 C ~10 ≥99.5 4.1
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表 3 热处理工艺
Table 3. Heat treatment process
试样编号 固溶处理 时效处理 固溶温度/ ℃ 保温时间/ h 冷却介质 冷却温度/ ℃ 时效温度/ ℃ 保温时间/ h 冷却介质 0 铸态，不经固溶处理 1 518 10 水 60 150 8 空气 2 528 10 水 60 150 8 空气 3 538 10 水 60 150 8 空气 4 548 10 水 60 150 8 空气
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